Format history[edit]
Music as "Mad Radio" and "Mix"[edit]
Throughout much of the 1980s and 1990s, 92.1 was
WMAD, which programmed
alternative rock music. The station had decent ratings, though its lower-powered signal did not saturate the market like many of the other local FM stations. (The station's current signal strength is concentrated on Madison's North and East sides, as well as the station's
city of license,
Sun Prairie.
[1])
To improve ratings, station owners
iHeartMedia (then known as Clear Channel Communications) dropped WMAD's alternative rock format on October 28, 2002, becoming "Mix 92.1" that aired a
Modern AC format. Listener outcry over this switch was so strong that on December 31, 2003, Clear Channel turned their struggling
smooth jazz station at 96.3 FM into the new "Mad Radio", adding the WMAD
call letters and an
alternative rockformat, while 92.1 adopted the
WXXM call letters. (The new "Mad Radio" at 96.3 was replaced by
country music on December 23, 2005, and resurfaced again in 2007 on
WIBA-FM's HD Radio subchannel.)
"Mix 92.1" was a failure, as it could not compete with similarly-formatted stations in the market and its ratings were lower than that of the previous alternative format. During the week before
Labor Day 2004, WXXM went jockless with announcements on the end of Mix 92.1 and the launch of the
progressive talk format, directing current "Mix" listeners to sister CHR
WZEE ("Z104").
[1]
"The Mic 92.1"[edit]
At Midnight on September 7, 2004 (when
Len's "
Steal My Sunshine" finished playing), "Mix 92.1" was no more. After several hours of stunting with left-wing comedy bits,
[2] "The Mic 92.1" launched at 11:00 that morning with a
CNN Radio hourly news update and
Air America's "The
Al Franken Show." Clear Channel had experienced success in other markets with
progressive talk, and local management thought that the format would be ideal for the strongly
liberal Madison market. "The Mic 92.1" was born.
"The Mic 92.1" relied heavily on
Air America Radio programming during its early months. Schedule adjustments eventually were made, including acquisitions of programs from non-AAR distributors, such as shows hosted by
Ed Schultz,
Stephanie Miller, and
Mike Malloy (Malloy displaced original late evening hoste
Phil Hendrie due to many requests from listeners). "The Mic's" reliance on Air America Radio dwindled over the years, with AAR programming being relegated to overnight and weekend hours by the time of AAR's
Chapter 7 bankruptcy and shutdown in January 2010.
"The Mic" also added a local on-air presence. Madison-based writer Stu Levitan briefly hosted a late afternoon show during "The Mic's" early months. Later local shows included "Forward Forum," a Saturday morning show hosted by
John Quinlan; "The Pro Show," a weekday morning program hosted by Lee Rayburn (with Jim Dick and later Jodie Shawback alongside as a sidekick); and 2-minute commentaries from
Matthew Rothschild, editor of the Madison-based magazine
The Progressive. Additionally, national hosts heard on "The Mic" broadcast shows originating from Madison's Barrymore theater, including
Al Franken (2005),
Stephanie Miller (2006),
[3] Ed Schultz,
Laura Flanders, and
Rachel Maddow (2007).
The proposed change to sports[edit]
Although "The Mic's" ratings have fluctuated during its history, the station has enjoyed a loyal following among listeners in mostly progressive Madison. (In the Summer 2006
Arbitron ratings for the Madison market, WXXM ranked 11th of 25 stations overall, and the 2nd highest rated talk-formatted station in that survey.) On November 10, 2006, however, Clear Channel Madison made the controversial announcement that WXXM would change formats to all-sports on January 1, 2007.
[4]
In its original announcement,
[5] management cited audience research that showed a desire among listeners for more coverage of local high school and college sports, as well as more live broadcasts of other sports programming that were tape-delayed on Clear Channel's other stations in the Madison market (including
WIBA and
WTSO), along with coverage of the
Madison Mallards baseball team. (Clear Channel had won the team's broadcast rights, and planned to air the games on WXXM.) Jeff Tyler, the market manager for Clear Channel Madison, later admitted that other reasons contributed to the format change, including the financial problems facing
Air America Radio and problems attracting advertisers to the
progressive talk format, which in turn leads to lower revenues generated by the station. In fact, WXXM was ranked last out of 14 Madison radio stations that reported earnings.
In relation to the announcement, "The Pro Show" was discontinued the week of November 10, 2006 (replaced by
Air America's "The Young Turks"). "Forward Forum" was previously cancelled on October 28, 2006, and migrated to competing station
WTDY.
Reaction to the change[edit]
The announcement of WXXM's format flip met with great notice, and for fans of "The Mic," great disdain. While some comments dismissed the flip as a case of
progressive talknot being an attractive format for listeners or advertisers (the latter of which had been cited specifically by management), fans of the station expressed disappointment over the loss of a left-of-center viewpoint in Madison commercial talk radio.
[6] Words turned into action as one fan of "The Mic," Valerie Walasek, launched an online petition to persuade Clear Channel Madison to reverse its decision—a petition that surpassed its original goal of 5,000 signatures. Events in relation to Walasek's petition included a rally for "The Mic's" listeners and advertisers (which attracted an overflow crowd to the High Noon Saloon on December 12, 2006), and a "funeral procession" to Clear Channel's Madison headquarters on December 20, 2006, at which the petition was delivered to station management.
[7]
"The Mic's" proposed change reached national notice.
Ed Schultz, a vocal proponent of the petition drive on his show, was among those suggesting that the format flip resulted from a lack of effort among management and salespeople at Clear Channel Madison to commit to the
progressive talk format and to promote it to advertisers. Schultz even criticized Tyler by name on his show.
[8] Stephanie Miller featured Walasek on her program, while her show's resident impressionist, Jim Ward, performed a parody of what WXXM's sports format would sound like—an intentionally pedestrian play-by-play of girls' volleyball in a thick Wisconsin accent.
Walasek and other supporters of "The Mic" continued to pressure Clear Channel Madison to reverse their decision, suggesting that if their efforts for WXXM proved unsuccessful, they would promote continuing
progressive talk programming on another station in Madison, including the possibility of pooling money and resources to purchase a station.
Reversal of decision[edit]
While the outcry from "The Mic's" fans and advertisers heated up, Jeff Tyler insisted that Clear Channel Madison would not waver from its plans to change WXXM to sports.
[8]The outcry continued, culminating in the mock funeral and delivery of the "Save the Mic" petition on December 20, 2006.
[7]
Late on December 21, 2006, one day after the "funeral", Clear Channel Madison reversed its decision, meaning WXXM would retain its progressive talk format into 2007. Tyler confirmed the reversal in a message first played on air on December 22, 2006, indicating that management was "overwhelmed" by the support of fans, advertisers, and community leaders for The Mic. Tyler also confirmed that the station's agreement with
Fox Sports Radio had to be ended in order for the reversal to take place.
[9]
Since the reversal[edit]
On "The Mic"[edit]
Local weekday programming did not immediately return to "The Mic", which did leave some station supporters disappointed.
[10] Mike Ferris, FM operations manager for Clear Channel Madison, countered that WXXM's schedule would be "kind of in a holding pattern” until
Air America's financial situation cleared up. However, on May 21, 2007, Lee Rayburn would return to host "The Mic's" 6-8AM weekday time slot. Rayburn did keep busy during his 6 months away from the station, including joining former "Pro Show" co-host Jodie Shawback on a series of podcasts from the Escape Java Joint in Madison;
[2] fill-in duties for
Air America Radio hosts; and co-founding an online media company in Madison, Willy Street Media.
[11] Rayburn also worked a second evening show (Mondays thru Thursdays at 7PM) from September 2007 until early 2008.
Local programming did immediately return to "The Mic's" weekend lineup, featuring the returns of "Progressive Forum" with Matthew Rothchild and "Sunday Journal" with host Stu Levitan (which would be rechristened "Books and Beats" by 2009). Other local shows that previously aired on "The Mic" included "The Recovery Zone," a Sunday morning programming that featured frank discussions about recovery from addictions, and "La Original," an all-Spanish-language music program broadcast on Friday and Saturday nights in 2007 and early 2008.
Concurrent with supporters' claims during the "Save The Mic" drive, WXXM's advertiser base
[12] did see an increase after the reversal, albeit one featuring mainly smaller Madison-area businesses as opposed to advertisers with a national base and/or deeper pockets (which are usually more desirable to radio managers and salespeople). On-air encouragement from "The Mic" to patronize their sponsors increased noticeably since the beginning of 2007.
In January 2009, "The Mic" made a schedule change that was greeted with more controversy, replacing
Thom Hartmann's afternoon program with
The Dave Ramsey Show, a program that is more known for financial advice and at times displays a conservative viewpoint. Though station management said the move was intended to broaden the station's listenership and not to make a wholesale change in political ideology, complaints from listeners and a few advertisers prompted WXXM to return Hartmann's show to the 2-5PM slot, while moving Ramsey's show to the 5-8AM slot in place of Lee Rayburn (Rayburn left the station by his own choosing earlier in the month, in part due to the direction he felt the station was taking by adding Ramsey's show).
[13] Ramsey's show, however, had a short stay on "The Mic," who replaced it one month later with the syndicated
Bill Press Show. (As of 2012,
Ramsey airs on
WIBA's late night schedule.)
After Lee Rayburn's 2nd departure from "The Mic," the station's weekday schedule would remain all-national until August 2011, when
Outloud with Mary Carol was added to the 5-6PM hour. Carol was a behind-the-scenes staffer at Clear Channel Madison and co-hosted, with
Our Lives Magazine publisher Patrick Farbaugh, the
LGBT-oriented weekend show
Being Authentic. By December 2011,
Outloud would make way for a 2nd daily local show,
The People's Mic, which was hosted by
Workers Independent News personality Doug Cunningham and featured news and analysis on news and issues with a progressive, labor-friendly lean.
The People's Mic was an independently-owned, syndicated show, with the program's owners buying time on WXXM's early evening schedule to air the show, which also aired in the
Wausau area through a similar arrangement with
WXCO.
[14]
By the end of 2012, another local show would be added to "The Mic's" daily schedule in the form of
The Devil's Advocates Radio. Hosted by Mike Crute and Dominic Salvia,
Devil's Advocates is an extension of their same-named weekly
podcast, and features listener interaction, interviews, and spirited-yet-friendly discussions on local and national topics through the lenses of the hosts' differing viewpoints (Crute takes mainly a liberal lean, Salvia
libertarian). Like
People's Mic before it,
Devil's Advocates is a time-buy program, with Crute and Salvia purchasing air time on WXXM and arranging sponsors for the show.
Devil's Advocates debuted on "The Mic's" weekend schedule in early 2012 before moving to a one-hour weekday slot later that year; it would eventually move a 2-hour block and, as of March 2015, a 3-hour afternoon slot (2PM-5PM).
[15][16]
In March 2015, a major shift in WXXM's schedule saw the addition of the Madison-based
Mitch Henck Show in the 8AM-11AM weekday slot. Mitch Henck had spent 12 years as mid-morning host on WXXM's sister station, the conservative-leaning news/talk outlet
WIBA (AM); after his show was dropped from WIBA in 2014, Henck would become a columnist for the
Wisconsin State Journal. Henck's addition and the resulting shifts of
Stephanie Miller's and
Thom Hartman's nationally-syndicated programs to tape-delayed slots (middays and evenings, respectively), would generate form trepidation from "The Mic's" fanbase, who have been loyal to the displaced shows and fear Henck's viewpoint expressions will run counter to the station's format. iHeartMedia Madison management has countered, however, that Henck's opinions aren't as conservative as "Mic" fans would fear; that his show's morning slot is part of Henck's hopes to syndicate his show statewide; and that his addition to "The Mic" is part of
iHeartMedia Madison's hopes to cultivate more local content for the station, whose schedule over the prior 12 months had been in flux thanks in part to the end of
Ed Schultz's and
Randi Rhodes' nationally-syndicated shows.
[17][16][18][19]
HD radio carriage in Milwaukee[edit]
On December 15, 2011, WXXM received an additional outlet in the
Milwaukee area, as Clear Channel imported WXXM's signal to air over the
HD3 subchannel of urban-formatted
WKKV-FM (100.7), a station licensed to
Racine. The WKKV simulcast requires listeners to have HD Radio equipment, or baring that, Clear Channel's
iHeartRadiosmartphone application.
[20] This is the first time a station with a full progressive talk format has been heard in the Milwaukee area, though Racine's
WRJN (1400) carries some syndicated progressive hosts and has some Milwaukee audience.
Sports broadcasts[edit]
"The Mic's" reversal back to progressive talk left Madison's two all-sports stations scrambling their lineups:
- As previously planned, sister station WTSO adopted an all-ESPN Radio lineup (though keeping the local "Heller & Murphy" show on its afternoon drive time).
- "The Jim Rome Show," which was slated to move from WTSO to WXXM, instead moved to Good Karma Broadcasting-owned WTLX at the beginning of 2007. WTLX aired Rome's show (and retained its Fox Sports Radio affiliation) until 2009, when both moved to WTSO while WTLX took over ESPN Radio affiliation in the Madison market. WTLXalso retained broadcasts of Madison Mallards baseball.
- WXXM has served as a "second shadow station" for sports programming that conflicts with the schedules on WTSO and WIBA (AM), mainly broadcasts of Wisconsin Badgersathletics and Milwaukee Bucks basketball. "The Mic" has served as regular radio home for Wisconsin Badgers women's sports (volleyball and basketball), and has also carried some Sunday afternoon National Football League broadcasts from Westwood One, as well as games from the semi-pro Madison Mustangs in the early 2010s. Any talk programming displaced by sports broadcasts continue unabated on the station's internet stream.
For progressive talk in general[edit]
WXXM's reversal received national attention as it occurred at a time when
progressive talk struggled to gain general acceptance on the commercial airwaves, as evidenced by stations dropping the format or reducing progressive content and the financial struggles of
Air America Radio. The "Save The Mic" campaign and its success inspired similar campaigns in markets where the format was dropped, in danger, or never had a regular presence.
"The Mic" and its format plight received further attention in the form of
Born Again Free Speech: Victory of The Mic 92.1, a 2007 documentary produced by Madison-based Brazen Video Productions.
[21]
upsi