Tuesday, April 12, 2016

Now That Entertainment Is Just A Spook than A Blast To Spook the Declaration of Independence Makes Whats a Pledge: Fur^Niche^Chore Polish!!!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_shelter

Why does the National Media put scare to our daily run as the Hare Read have not confirmed a process to communicate outside of their possession of attention; sew.

CONELRAD

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the band, see Conelrad (band).

CONELRAD Logo, incorporating the shield of United States Civil Defense
CONELRAD (Control of Electromagnetic Radiation) is a former method of emergency broadcasting to the public of the United States in the event of enemy attack during the Cold War. It was intended to allow continuous broadcast of civil defense information to the public using radio or TV stations, while rapidly switching the transmitter stations to make the broadcasts unsuitable for Soviet bombers that might attempt to home in on the signals (as was done during World War II, when German radio stations, based in or near cities, were used as beacons by pilots of bombers).
U.S. president Harry S. Truman established CONELRAD in 1951. After the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles reduced the likelihood of a bomber attack, CONELRAD was replaced by the Emergency Broadcast System on August 5, 1963, which was later replaced with the Emergency Alert System on January 1, 1997; all have been administered by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).[1]
Unlike its successors, the EBS and EAS, CONELRAD was never intended to be used for severe weather warnings or local civil emergencies.

History[edit]


"CD Mark" symbols like this (though generally shown as simple white triangles) were on most radios sold in the U.S., at the 640 kHz and 1240 kHz frequency points, to help listeners find the CONELRAD stations.

Cold War-era poster.
Prior to 1951, there was no method that the U.S. government could use to broadcast warnings to citizens in the event of an emergency. However, radio stations and networks could interrupt normal programming and issue a bulletin in the event of an emergency, as happened during the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, as well as the first successful tornado warning near Tinker Air Force Base in 1948. This type of broadcasting was the forerunner to CONELRAD.
The CONELRAD concept was originally known as the Key Station System. According to an FCC document created during the "Informal Government–Industry Technical Conference" on March 26, 1951:
"The primary plan for alerting broadcast stations that is currently being considered by the FCC Study Group is known as the Key Station System. The arrangement requires certain telephone circuits (private wire or direct line to Toll Board) between the Air Defense Control Centers (A.D.C.C.) and specified radio stations to be known as "Basic Key Stations".
Additional telephone circuits (direct line to Toll Board) will be required in certain cases, between "Basic Key Stations" and other stations to be known as "Relay Key Stations". Each "Basic Key Station" receiving an alert or warning signal from the A.D.C.C. shall, if so directed, proceed to broadcast a predetermined message and also relay the message by telephone to all "Relay Key Stations" under his control as specified." CONELRAD was officially introduced on December 10, 1951.[2]
CONELRAD had a simple system for alerting the public and other "downstream" stations, consisting of a sequence of shutting the station off for five seconds, returning to the air for five seconds, again shutting down for five seconds, returning to the air again, and then transmitting a 960 Hz tone for 15 seconds. Key stations would be alerted directly. All other broadcast stations would monitor a designated station in their area.
In the event of an emergency, all United States television and FM radio stations were required to stop broadcasting. Upon alert, most AM medium-wave stations shut down. The stations that stayed on the air would transmit on either 640 or 1240 kHz. They would transmit for several minutes and then go off the air, and another station would take over on the same frequency in a "round robin" chain. This was to confuse enemy aircraft who might be navigating using radio direction finding. By law, radio sets manufactured between 1953 and 1963 had these frequencies marked by the triangle-in-circle ("CD Mark") symbol of Civil Defense.[3]
Although the system by which the CONELRAD process was initiated (switching the transmitter on and off) was simple, it was prone to numerous false alarms, especially during lightning storms.[4] Transmitters could be damaged by the quick cycling. The switching later became known informally as the "EBS Stress Test" (due to many transmitters failing during tests) and was eventually discontinued when broadcast technology advanced enough to make it unnecessary.
Beginning January 2, 1957, U.S. amateur radio came under CONELRAD rules and amateur stations were also required to stop transmitting if commercial radio stations went off the air due to an alert. Several companies marketed special receivers that monitored local broadcast stations, sounding an alarm and automatically deactivating the amateur's transmitter when the broadcast station went off the air.[5]
In a Time magazine article featured in the November 14, 1960 issue, the author details why the warning system consisting of localized Civil defense sirens and the CONELRAD radio-alert system was "basically unsound".[6] The author's alternative was to advocate for the National Emergency Alarm Repeater as a supplement, which did not need a radio or television to be switched on to warn citizens, nor a large CD siren to be in their vicinity.

Was Hi Ng Ton, D.C. An Aye Pea Eh to state thereof to ground did As Eye PEA A??


Velar nasal ~ Dedicated to Nicholas Cage as a Proper Prime to Days of Thunder: Whats Lightning??

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Agma" redirects here. For other uses, see Agma (disambiguation).
Velar nasal
ŋ
IPA number119
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ŋ
Unicode (hex)U+014B
X-SAMPAN
KirshenbaumN
Braille⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)
Sound
0:00
source · help
The velar nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is the sound of ng in English sing. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ŋ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is N. The IPA symbol ŋ is similar to ɳ, the symbol for the retroflex nasal, which has a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem, and to ɲ, the symbol for thepalatal nasal, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the left stem. Both the IPA symbol and the sound are commonly called 'eng' or 'engma'.
As a phoneme, the velar nasal does not occur in many of the indigenous languages of the Americas or in a large number of European or Middle Eastern or Caucasian languages, but it is extremely common in Australian Aboriginal languages. While almost all languages have /m/ and /n//ŋ/is rarer.[1] Only half of the 469 languages surveyed in Anderson (2008) had a velar nasal phoneme; as a further curiosity, a large proportion of them limits its occurrence to the syllable coda. In many languages that do not have the velar nasal as a phoneme, it occurs as an allophone of/n/ before velar consonants.
An example of a language that lacks a phonemic or allophonic velar nasal is Russian, in which /n/ is pronounced as laminal denti-alveolar []even before velar consonants.[2]
As with the voiced velar stop /ɡ/, the relative rarity of the velar nasal is that the small oral cavity, which is used to produce velar consonants, makes it more difficult for voicing to be sustained.[citation needed] It also makes it much more difficult to allow air to escape through the nose, as is required for a nasal.
There is also a post-velar nasal (also called pre-uvular) in some languages. For pre-velar nasal (also called post-palatal), see palatal nasal.

Features[edit]

Features of the velar nasal:
  • Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is also nasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
  • Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue at the soft palate.
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is a nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.
  • Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the centrallateral dichotomy does not apply.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Occurrence[edit]

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Albanianngaqë[ŋɡacə]'because'
Aleut[3]chaang[tʃɑːŋ]'five'
ArmenianEastern[4]ընկեր[əŋˈkɛɾ]'friend'Allophone of /n/ before velar consonants
Assameseৰং[rɔŋ]'color'
Asturianpación[pa.ˈθjoŋ]'pasture'
BambaraŋonI[ŋoni]'guitar'
Basquehanka[haŋka]'leg'
Bengali[rɔŋ]'color'
Catalan[5]sang[ˈsaŋ(k)]'blood'See Catalan phonology
ChineseCantonese[ŋɔːŋ˩]'raise'See Cantonese phonology
Eastern Min[ŋi]'suspect'
Gan[ŋa]'tooth'
Hakka[ŋai]'I'
Mandarin北京[peɪ˨˩tɕiŋ˥]'Beijing'See Mandarin phonology
Northern Min[ŋui]'outside'
Pu-Xian Min[ŋ̍]'yellow'Only in colloquial speech.
Southern Min[ŋɔ]'a state in the Zhou Dynasty'
Wu[ŋ˩˧]'five'
Xiang[ŋau]'Boil'
Yuci dialect of Jin[ŋie]'I'
Chukchiңыроқ[ŋəɹoq]'two'
Czechtank[taŋk]'tank'See Czech phonology
Dinkaŋa[ŋa]'who'
Danishsang[sɑŋˀ]'song'See Danish phonology
Dutch[6]angst[ɑŋst]'fear'See Dutch phonology
Englishsing[sɪŋ]'sing'Restricted to the syllable coda. See English phonology
Faroeseong[ɔŋk]'meadow'
Fijiangone[ˈŋone]'child'
Filipinongayón[ŋaˈjon]'now'
Finnishkangas[ˈkɑŋːɑs]'cloth'Occurs in native vocabulary only intervocally and before /k/. SeeFinnish phonology
French[7]parking[paʁkiŋ]'parking lot'Occurs only in words borrowed from English or Chinese. See French phonology
Galicianunha[ˈuŋa]'one' (f.)
Germanlang[laŋ]'long'See German phonology
Greekαποτυγχάνω/apotynchánō[apo̞tiŋˈxano̞]'I fail'See Modern Greek phonology
HebrewStandardאנגלית[aŋɡˈlit]'English language'Allophone of /n/ before velar stops. See Modern Hebrew phonology
Sephardiעין[ŋaˈjin]'Ayin'See Sephardi Hebrew
Hindustaniरंग / رنگ[rəŋɡ]'color'See Hindi–Urdu phonology
Hungarianing[iŋɡ]'shirt'Allophone of /n/. See Hungarian phonology
Icelandicng[ˈkøyŋk]'tunnel'See Icelandic phonology
Indonesianbangun[bäŋʊn]'wake up'
Inuktitutᐆᖅ/puunnguuq[puːŋŋuːq]'dog'
Inuvialuktunqamnguiyuaq[qamŋuijuaq]'snores'
Irishnglór[ˌə̃ ˈŋl̪ˠoːɾˠ]'their voice'Occurs word-initially as a result of the consonantal mutation eclipsis. See Irish phonology
Italian[8]anche[ˈaŋke]'also'See Italian phonology
Itelmenқниң[qniŋ]'one'
JapaneseStandard南極/nankyoku[naŋkʲokɯ]'the South Pole'See Japanese phonology
Eastern dialects[9]/kagi[kaŋi]'key'
Kagayanen[10]manang[manaŋ]'older sister'
Ketаяң[ajaŋ]'to damn'
Korean/bang[paŋ]'room'See Korean phonology
Luxembourgish[11]keng[kʰæŋ]'nobody'See Luxembourgish phonology
Macedonianaнглиски[ˈaŋɡliski]'English'Occurs occasionally as an allophone of /n/ before /k/ and /ɡ/. SeeMacedonian phonology
Lugandaŋaaŋa[ŋɑːŋɑ]"hornbill"
Malaybangun[bäŋon]'wake up'
Malayalam[3]മാങ്ങ[maːŋŋɐ]'mango'
Māori[12]ngā[ŋaː]'the'
Marathiसंगणक[səŋɡəɳək]'computer'See Marathi phonology
Mariеҥ[jeŋ]'human'
Nganasanӈаӈ[ŋaŋ]'mouth'
Nivkhңамг[ŋamɡ]'seven'
North FrisianMooringkåchelng[ˈkɔxəlŋ]'stove'
Norwegiangang[ɡɑŋ]'hallway'See Norwegian phonology
Punjabiਵੰ[vəŋ]'bangle'
Persianرنگ[ræːŋɡ]'color'See Persian phonology
Pipilnemanha[nemaŋa]'later'
Polish[13]bank[bäŋk]'bank'Allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ, x/post-palatal before /kʲ, ɡʲ/.[14][15] SeePolish phonology
OccitanProvençalvin[viŋ]'wine'
Rapanuihanga[haŋa]'bay'Sometimes written g in Rapanui
RomanianȚara MoțilorTransylvanian[16]câine[kɨŋi][stress?]'dog'Corresponds to [n] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Serbo-Croatian[17]станка / stanka[stâːŋka]'pause'Allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/.[17] See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Sericomcáac[koŋˈkaak]'Seri people'
Shonananga[ŋaŋɡa]'witch-doctor'
Slovenetank[taŋk]'tank'
Spanish[18]domingo[d̪o̞ˈmĩŋɡo̞]'Sunday'Allophone of /n/. See Spanish phonology
Swahiling'ombe[ŋɔmbɛ]'cow'
Swedishingenting[ɪŋɛnˈtʰɪŋ]'nothing'See Swedish phonology
Thaiาน[ŋaːn]'work'
Tuamotuanrangi/ragi[ŋaːn]'sky'
Tundra Nenetsӈэва[ŋæewa]'head'
Turkmenbirmeňzeş[biɾmeŋðeʃ]'identical'
Venetianman[maŋ]'hand'
Vietnamese[19]ngà[ŋaː˨˩]'ivory'See Vietnamese phonology
Welshrhwng[r̥ʊŋ]'between'
West Frisiankening[ˈkeːnɪŋ]'king'
Yi/nga[ŋa˧]'I'
Yanyuwa[20][waŋ̄ulu]'adolescent boy'Post-velar;[20] Contrasts with pre-velar nasal.[20]
Yup'ikungungssiq[uŋuŋssiq]'animal'
ZapotecTilquiapan[21]yan[jaŋ]'neck'Word-final allophone of lenis /n/