Fresh Rare

The slow ramp of helium on the balloon of the skull,

bones creek to drain a river gram,

to rest is not the cough of gross wait as the reef grave to a clams morsel,

tree to dust the ring in raised is the meet of marrow.

These reason to lodge of more this than cliff notes draw,

feeling what is as Einstein gagged in list the fathom,

owe what ready letter to lecture?,

well in the sand as the shores wave with wow,

is it just humanity exclaiming Mankind?

Disk of the sun,

an Egyptian that grass to chisel of Hammer,

fake to grabs?,

the Viking orch. of Arcadian.

The mile of legacy locked in the Lake of denial as People,

each resting foot to the rust as Spring gifts a smudge,

tapping iron like a Forge.

Forests of mirror to what is a Birch ,

the smooth raft comes.

Can knew to realm of rip's name Noun,

verb is the expression of first city,

Town of Statue.

A status claim as the Gold Country,

a Barbary Coast that Levi made leather more than a Cow,

no milking creams to steak and eggs.

The Beat,

as the walk is no waltz,

as the law is not question,

as the mention is not stride,

as the letter is not nostril,

as the flame is not fire,

as the for most is not depth?,

than this is the frost,

the ice of a glacier's smile,

these are the gravity Wheats of Honey's ripe,

it is the be of a hive?,

no,

this is the honest of the navigated root.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Karen A. Placek

Public

Sep 29, 3:38 PM



Loving the Ancient Alien on The Discovery Channel and yet the questions that are continually asked by the hosts are asked in-front of the camera recording the show. Should you be of interest to the answers and should you be in a fantasy about downloading the human brain to a computer than in advance of the Ancient Alien Cast & Crew encouraging another Einstein debacle where a stranger ran in and stole his brain (http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2014/04/21/the-tragic-story-of-how-einsteins-brain-was-stolen-and-wasnt-even-special/), stuck it in a pickle jar, put it in the trunk of his car and drove it around while it floated inside the pickle jar for 30 years or thereabout, you should stand in-front of the mirror.

While in-front of the mirror facing yourself, ask any question as it is known that you cannot deny yourself. As the story of being narcissistic may be known as the story of Narcissus and not the horror of what has now become a hated term of behavior by the usage of the noun's name? Perhaps the fantastic 'Star Children' show on DISH Channel 120 Friday September 29, 2017 now-showing on The Discovery Channel, channel 120, authored by the Ancient Alien staff shall compliment this simplicity as your fascination is grave stones in my life. Why? I was given those I.Q. tests and tested 'Genius' at the age of before five and in 2008 was returned to the Office to see how or perhaps which genre the genius may have decided to show itself and in the test where I.Q. is no-longer able to be quantified to anything larger than the absolute itself from the base score as a child of 131 which had been adjusted as to not shock my mother you may find that the 'Savant' I am now is a grown? Or, is it just you are fascinated with only the smalls (children) that you may manipulate to your favor of correction or use liquids of paper to prodigy the genius in the World or is it country today, September 29, 2017.

As I do not see a single person even interested in any subject that I have decidedly chosen to advance thereby bringing and helping you to understand that I am indeed a prodigy that genius-out to be a savant that is able to in-full write these words to sentence in a post on google+ for you to once again say oh. For should I be broached even as a short-subject the fact that what my mother decidedly did and fulfilled to her hearts content was to simply protect me from you so that I would not be used, simple however the truth is always true not bitter.

Therefrom, prodigy when born April 29th, 1965. I knew I was a genius at age three and stopped talking which brought my mother to her best friend and whom also just happened to be on the Board of Directors of Student League of San Francisco (I think, I was a bit young at the time and everybody is now dead). It was that Board Room that grew their friendship and that friendship developed into a caring relationship for my life: His name was Louis Martin Vuksinick, M.D. (Lou), a gifted and beloved psychiatrist and Jungian analyst. At that juncture it was Vuksinick that brought my mother to terms of understanding not condemnation for my refusal to speak as through thorough and broad, modern diagnosis of that I.Q. Test he determined my genius? No, I plainly tested and the result, genius. In such a grand and risky development the plans for my life were laid. Protecting my young life from the World at-large and their practiced abuse of geniuses; i.e. Shakespeare, Einstein and Tesla: I need not say more.

In event and in 2008 my mother returned to his Office to have his opinion tested to the depth and comprehension and thereby it becomes more personal than I will share and yet I will confirm that the diagnosis (if you will) was made by a third party and that delivered simply 'Savant'. Now from this please look up genius and after comprehending the depth of that gift return to look up what a savant is as often this simple speak that I am expressing here is quickly rounded to something that does not complete the definition of what just a savant is: Savant (noun) 1. a person of profound or extensive learning; learned scholar (http://www.dictionary.com/browse/savant).

Your attention to this is appreciated however try the mirror thing as recovering the man is more important that ever knowing just me.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Orch. | Define Orch. at Dictionary.com

www.dictionary.com/browse/orch-

Orch. definition, orchestra. See more. ... orch. 1. orchestra. Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2017.

At This Date All I Have To Say To Figure Type To Year Of Scheduled Method Is Wharf Rat

Why Big Tobacco Targeted Blacks With Ads for Menthol Cigarettes ...

https://www.cbsnews.com › MoneyWatch › Markets

Jan 5, 2011 - Come March, the FDA will decide whether tobacco companies can continue marketing menthol cigarettes. ... ban on menthols would create a large illegal trade in the cigarettes (note that the WSJ's copydesk avoided the term "black market"), and that .... 10 "McModerns" that are taking over from McMansions ...

SF bans sale of menthol cigarettes, may eliminate at least $50.5M in ...

www.sfexaminer.com/sf-bans-sale-menthol-cigarettes-will-eliminate-least-50-5m-toba...

Jun 20, 2017 - Packs of Menthol cigarettes are displayed for sale inside of SF Deli & Wine on ... the sale of flavored tobacco products will be illegal in San Francisco. ... Cohen amended the legislation to have itgo into effect in April 2018, four ...

Since admission of targeting a community with particular product in the new revolution of attempting to ban said product is that not targeting the black community too? Is not the Menthol cigarette more than just a health chapter? Is it not and has it now not become the United States saying that since whites don't smoke them as hardily as the black community that the white community will now just take the Menthol cigarette off the market and then just waltz around in front of the black community and ram the fact that the white community are the only ones that can smoke? Is that not just targeting but in addition bullying? KAP The Secret of the Universe is Choice: Know Conversation 9/28/2017, 4:16 AM

By JIM EDWARDS MONEYWATCH January 5, 2011, 3:11 PM

Why Big Tobacco Targeted Blacks With Ads for Menthol Cigarettes

Last Updated Jan 6, 2011 1:40 PM EST

Come March, the FDA will decide whether tobacco companies can continue marketing menthol cigarettes. Thousands of advertisers who have a separate ethnic marketing strategies for any product that has health implications should be watching closely. So listen up, folks with ties to food, alcohol, soda, diet supplements and pharmaceuticals: There but for the grace of the federal government go you.

Everyone knows that Lorillard (LO) has for decades targeted its Kool and Newport menthol brands at the black community, sometimes with a comic lack of subtlety, as in this ad from the 1970s (right). But Lorillard has simply done exactly what most other major advertisers have done, regardless of the product: Segment their advertising so that some (or all of it for certain brands) focuses on minorities.

Lorillard's specific problems are that its product causes cancer and menthols are more addictive than regular cigarettes. Thus its general problem is the accusation that it targeted blacks and not whites with a more dangerous product. (In fact, this isn't quite true. Menthols aren't per se more addictive than other cigarettes. They're just tastier and easier to smoke. Thus they're harder to kick and easier to go back to.)

That subtlety is likely to get lost, however, as Lorillard lobbies to keep menthols legal. The Wall Street Journal reports that the company is pushing the line in black news media that a ban on menthols would create a large illegal trade in the cigarettes (note that the WSJ's copydesk avoided the term "black market"), and that would add an unnecessary burden to local law enforcement.

In other words, Lorillard is saying that its own best customers are criminals in waiting. For a company that already faces the accusation that it's racist because it advertised more dangerous products to blacks, that seems like exactly the worst argument it could have come up with.

But let's give Lorillard the benefit of the doubt for a second and ask whether it's true that the advertising of Lorillard and other tobacco companies created demand in the black community for menthol cigarettes. This fascinating study of historic internal company documents in the journal Nicotine & Tobacco Research shows that it's a genuine chicken-and-egg issue. Early on, companies noticed a small difference in preferences between blacks and whites, and then simply altered their targeting to adjust for it. The effort was self-reinforcing:

In 1953, Philip Morris commissioned the Roper organization to conduct a general survey of Americans' smoking habits. The only menthol cigarette on the survey and the only one of any importance in the early 1950s was Kool. The Roper survey showed that only 2% of White Americans preferred the Kool brand. By contrast, the survey reported that 5% of African Americans preferred Kools (Roper, 1953). This small difference in preference was successfully parlayed by Brown & Williamson executives, and later by the tobacco industry as a whole, into the 70% vs. 30% difference that we see today between Black and White menthol smokers, respectively.

By 1974, the industry was fully segmented, but companies displayed little internal knowledge of why blacks liked menthols. A 76-page research brief on the topic by the William Esty Co. had only this to say about the issue:

And this:

In 1974, before the introduction of lights, Black-menthol smokers, to a greater degree than their White counterparts, believed menthol cigarettes were less hazardous/irritating than other cigarettes. This may help explain why lights have not done as well among Black menthol smokers as they have among the general smoking population.

The false notion that menthols were healthier was not, in fact, created by tobacco companies. It was an unintended consequence of the FTC's regulation of tar content. In 1957, according to the N&TR study, consumers became concerned that tar was bad for them and began migrating to less tasty, low-tar filtered cigarettes (in industry parlance, the "Tar Derby"). In 1961, the Republican-administered FTC relaxed its tar regulations and consumers returned to more flavorful brands with filters. That played into Kool's hands:

Kool was one of the main beneficiaries of the ending of the Tar Derby in 1961; people could put down their nonfiltered cigarettes and pick up a filter-tipped Kool to get more taste, flavor, and strength.

Many people assumed that menthols had less tar; however, nothing could be further from the truth. Not only were Kools' tar and nicotine content comparable with the leading nonmenthol brands, but by the mid-1960s, Brown & Williamson's menthol offering contained more tar and nicotine than either of its main menthol rivals, Salem or Newport

From that point on, companies increased their marketing efforts for menthols by targeting blacks, and as black smokers responded ... well, the rest is history. (As for the original reason why the black community initially showed a slight preference for menthols, it turns out Dave Chapelle was right: nobody knows.)

Which brings us back to the original point for any company with minority targeted advertising: Your intent is irrelevant, as is the notion that you merely responded to demand. If your product has negative health effects and you're advertising it to minorities, there's really no difference between Big Tobacco and you.

Related:

• The FDA's New Cigarette Warnings Are, Like, Totally Awesome!
• Why Big Tobacco Should Welcome the End of Advertising

© 2011 CBS Interactive Inc.. All Rights Reserved.https://www.cbsnews.com/news/why-big-tobacco-targeted-blacks-with-ads-for-menthol-cigarettes/

[PDF]Tobacco Company Marketing to African Americans - Campaign for ...

https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0208.pdf

The tobacco industry has a long history of going to great lengths to target the ... cigarette companies know that most African-American smokers prefer ... menthol advertising, in areas with a greater proportion of African American ... communities with large African-American populations, they also create advertising specifically ...

TOBACCO COMPANY MARKETING TO AFRICAN AMERICANS

 “We don’t smoke that s_ _ _. We just sell it. We reserve the right to smoke for the

young, the poor, the black and stupid.”1

R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Executive

https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0208.pdf

The tobacco industry has a long history of going to great lengths to target the African-American
community. Decades of research affirms patterns of strategic marketing to African Americans through
point-of-sale marketing, price discounts, branding, and traditional advertising venues, particularly for
mentholated tobacco products and cheap little cigars and cigarillos. As a result of market research, the
cigarette companies know that most African-American smokers prefer menthol cigarettes and they exploit
this preference in their marketing efforts to African Americans, in general, and to African-American kids, in
particular, as evidenced by internal industry documents:


Philip Morris: “Marlboro would probably have a very difficult time getting anywhere in                                  the young black market. The odds against it there are heavy. Young blacks                              have found their thing, and it's menthol in general and Kool in particular.”2

RJ Reynolds: “Since younger adult Blacks overwhelmingly prefer menthol cigarettes,
                            continued emphasis on Salem within the Black market is recommended.
                            Salem is already positioned against younger adults. With emphasis on the
                            younger adult Black market, Salem may be able to provide an alternative                                to Newport and capitalize on Kool’s decline.”3

The industry’s “investment” in the African-American community has had a destructive impact: African
Americans suffer the greatest burden of tobacco-related mortality of any ethnic or racial group in the
United States.4 Research shows that tobacco company advertising and other marketing efforts greatly
influence tobacco use initiation among youth non-smokers and is associated with increased tobacco
consumption among youth who have already become regular smokers.
5 Nearly 80 percent of all smokers
start before the age of 18 and, not surprisingly, the vast majority of kids smoke the three most heavily
advertised brands. 6 One of these heavily advertised brands, Newport, is the cigarette brand leader
among African-American youth in the United States. Nearly two-thirds of African American youth smokers
prefer Newport cigarettes.7
Targeting African Americans at the Point of Sale
For decades, tobacco companies have specifically targeted minority communities, particularly AfricanAmericans,
with intense advertising and promotional efforts. A wealth of research indicates that African
American neighborhoods have a disproportionate number of tobacco retailers, pervasive tobacco
marketing, and in particular, more marketing of menthol products.8
Like many minority and low-income neighborhoods, African American neighborhoods tend to have more
tobacco retailers:
• Nationwide, census tracts with a greater proportion of African American residents have higher
tobacco retailer density.9
• A 2010 study of Boston tobacco retailers found that tobacco retailer density near schools is
higher in minority or lower-income communities.10 This is disturbing given that a higher density of
such retailers near schools has been found to increase experimental smoking among high school
students.11

1400 I Street NW · Suite 1200 · Washington, DC 20005

Phone (202) 296-5469 · Fax (202) 296-5427 · www.tobaccofreekids.org

https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0208.pdf

Tobacco Company Marketing to African Americans / 2

Unfortunately, some evidence indicates that stores in African American neighborhoods are also more
likely to sell to youth, increasing accessibility of these products to minors:
• A 2015 Washington, DC study found that illicit sales to minors were more common in retailers
located closer to high schools in African American neighborhoods.12
• A 2014 California study found that stores in neighborhoods with more African Americans are less
likely to request age identification.13
In addition to having more tobacco retailers, research indicates that African American communities tend
to have more tobacco marketing:
• A 2013 study of retail outlets in Washington, DC found that exterior advertising for little cigars and
cigarillos is significantly more prevalent in African American neighborhoods.14 A 2015 study
echoed these findings for exterior advertising of all tobacco products in DC.15
• A 2013 study of tobacco retail outlets in St. Louis found more tobacco advertising, including more
menthol advertising, in areas with a greater proportion of African American residents.16 Another
2013 study found similar patterns in Ramsey County, Minnesota.17
• A 1998 study in Los Angeles found that compared with White neighborhood thoroughfares,
African American and Hispanic neighborhoods contained greater tobacco ad density, and all
minority neighborhoods contained greater tobacco ad concentration along roadsides.18
• Studies from 1990-1998 found that there were 2.6 times as many tobacco advertisements per
person in areas with an African American majority compared to white-majority areas.
19
Disparities in advertising of tobacco products are particularly evident for menthol cigarette brands, which
African Americans use more than any other racial or ethnic group:
• The 2011 California Tobacco Advertising Survey reports that there were significantly more
menthol advertisements at stores in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of African-American
residents and in low-income neighborhoods.20
• Another 2011 California study found that as the proportion of African-American high school
students in a neighborhood rose, the proportion of menthol advertising increased, the odds of a
Newport promotion were higher, and the cost of Newport cigarettes was lower.21
In addition to being heavily advertised and widely available, certain tobacco products have been found to
be priced lower in African American communities, making them more appealing, particularly to pricesensitive
youth:
• A 2011 study of cigarette prices in retail stores across the U.S. found that Newport cigarettes are
significantly less expensive in neighborhoods with higher proportions of African Americans.22
• A 2013 study of retail outlets in Washington, DC found that little cigars and cigarillos are more
available and cheaper in African American neighborhoods.23
Appealing to African Americans through Branding
There is compelling evidence that tobacco companies not only advertise disproportionately in
communities with large African-American populations, they also create advertising specifically targeted to
these communities. Cigarette ads highly prevalent in African-American communities and publications are
often characterized by slogans, relevant and specific messages, or images that have a great appeal
among those in the black community or depict African Americans in an appealing light.24 Contrary to how 

https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0208.pdf

Tobacco Company Marketing to African Americans / 3

blacks are typically portrayed in the media, cigarette ads portray
images of African Americans who are happy, confident, successful and
wealthy, in love, attractive, strong and independent.25
Targeting African Americans through Magazine Advertisements
The tobacco industry is relentless in its promotion of menthol cigarettes
to minorities. Expenditures for magazine advertising of mentholated
cigarettes, popular with African Americans, increased from 13 percent
of total ad expenditures in 1998 to 76 percent in 2006.26 During the two
years after the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) in November
1998, the average annual expenditures for Newport in magazines with
high youth readership increased 13.2 percent (from $5.3 to $6.0
million).27 Between 1998–2002, Ebony, a magazine tailored to the
African American culture, was 9.8 times more likely than People to

contain ads for menthols.28

Targeting African Americans through Event Sponsorships
Brown & Williamson used music as a way to target African Americans
beginning in 1975 with the Kool Jazz Festival. In the 1980s, as part of
the Kool Market Development Program, vans traveled through inner-city
Houston to distribute free cigarette samples. The Kool City Jam, a free
two-day concert, was also a part of this program.29

Brown & Williamson consistently used music as a way to target African
Americans. In 2004, they started an ad campaign for their Kool brand
cigarettes clearly aimed at youth—and African-American youth, in
particular. The Kool Mixx campaign featured images of young rappers,
disc jockeys and dancers on cigarette packs and in advertising. The
campaign also included radio giveaways with cigarette purchases and a
Hip-Hop disc jockey competition in major cities around the country. The
themes, images, radio giveaways and music involved in the campaign
all clearly have tremendous appeal to youth, especially AfricanAmerican
youth. Simultaneously, Brown
& Williamson promoted a new line of
cigarette flavors like Caribbean Chill,
Mocha Taboo, and Midnight Berry using
images of African-Americans and
themes attractive to African-American
                                                       youth. These cigarettes were promoted
                                                      through dance clubs and hip-hop music
                                                      venues.

Tobacco Industry Support of African American Organizations

Industry documents reveal that as early as the 1950s, the tobacco
industry has made concerted efforts to forge ties with the African
American community in an effort to build a positive brand identity. Since
the 1950s, Phillip Morris and Brown & Williamson have been engaged
with the National Urban League, the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and the United Negro College
Fund, and have provided funding and organizational support to a
laundry list of African American organizations. 30 In addition, the tobacco

Tobacco Company Marketing to African Americans / 4

industry has supported historically African American colleges and universities as far back as the 1890s
when RJ Reynolds helped to finance the founding of Winston Salem State University.31 However, industry
documents reveal the companies’ true intentions in forming these relationships:

  Brown & Williamson: “Clearly the sole reason for B&W’s interest in the black and Hispanic                                                     communities is the actual and potential sales of B&W products within these                                         communities and the profitability of these sales…this relatively small and                                             often tightly knit [minority] community can work to B&W’s marketing                                                 advantage, if exploited properly.”32 

    Lorillard:                  “Tie-in with any company who help black[s] – ‘we help them, they help us.’                                          Target group age 16+.”33

Impact of Tobacco Advertising on the African American Community

The aggressive advertising of mentholated cigarettes by the major cigarette companies has paid off in
terms of brand recognition and preference. A California study found that African American students are
three times more likely to recognize the Newport brand than their peers, and students of all races who
recognize the Newport brand are more likely to start smoking.34 Newport is the leading brand of cigarettes
among African American youth ages 12-17 (64.3%) and young adults ages 18-25 (73.6%).
35 Preference
for Camel menthol and Marlboro menthol cigarettes has increased in recent years, too, particularly
among adolescents and young adults.
36 Overall, 85 percent of all African-American smokers smoke
menthol cigarettes, compared to 29 percent of all Caucasian smokers.37 Seven out of ten AfricanAmerican
youth smokers ages 12-17 smoke menthol cigarettes.38
In 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a report that found menthol cigarettes
lead to increased smoking initiation among youth and young adults, greater addiction, and decreased
success in quitting smoking. The agency concluded that, “these findings, combined with the evidence
indicating that menthol’s cooling and anesthetic properties can reduce the harshness of cigarette smoke
and the evidence indicating that menthol cigarettes are marketed as a smoother alternative to
nonmenthol cigarettes, make it likely that menthol cigarettes pose a public health risk above that seen
with nonmenthol cigarettes.”39
Consequently, while smoking rates among African Americans are lower than national levels, this ethnic
group suffers disproportionately from smoking-caused chronic and preventable diseases.40 Each year,
approximately 45,000 African Americans die from a smoking-caused illness. An estimated 1.6 million
African Americans alive today, who are now under the age of 18, will become regular smokers; and about
500,000 of these will die prematurely from a tobacco-related disease.41

Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, April 5, 2017 / Laura Bach

Related Campaign Fact Sheets

• Tobacco Use and African Americans, http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0006.pdf
• Tobacco Company Marketing to Kids, http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0008.pdf

_______________________________
 1 Giovanni, J, “Come to Cancer Country; USA; Focus,” The Times of London, August 2, 1992 [quoting Dave Goerlitz, RJ Reynolds’ lead
Winston model for seven years, re what an R.J. Reynolds executive replied to him when Goerlitz asked why the executive did not smoke]. 
2 The Roper Organization, Inc., A Study of Smoking Habits Among Young Smokers, Philip Morris, July 1974, Bates No. 2024921279/1313. 
3 RJR, “Consumer Research Report,” May 9, 1984, Bates No. 501254820-4850, http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/cit49d00. 
4 HHS, “Tobacco Use Among US Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups—African Americans, American Indians and Alaskan Natives, Asian Americans
and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics: A Report of the Surgeon General,” 1998,
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/1998/complete_report/pdfs/complete_report.pdf. 
5 HHS, Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General, 2012,
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2012/. See also, National Cancer Institute, The Role of the Media in Promoting and Reducing
Tobacco Use, Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 19, NIH Pub. No. 07-6242, June 2008,
http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/19/m19_complete.pdf. Pucci, LG & Siegel, M, “Exposure to brand-specific cigarette

advertising in magazines and its impact on youth smoking,” Preventive Medicine 29(5):313-20, November 1999; Sargent, JD, et al., “Effect of 

Tobacco Company Marketing to African Americans / 5

______________________________________________________________________________

seeing tobacco use in films on trying smoking among adolescents: a cross sectional study,” British Medical Journal 323(7326):1394-7,

December 15, 2001.
6 HHS. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. National Survey on
Drug Use and Health, 2014. ICPSR36361-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2016-
03-22. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36361.v1. See also, HHS, “Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People: A Report of the Surgeon
General,” 1994, http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_1994/index.htm. CDC, “Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and
High School Students Who Are Established Smokers – United States, 2004 and 2006,” MMWR, 58(No.5); 112-115, February 13, 2009,

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm. 
7 HHS. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. National Survey on
Drug Use and Health, 2014. ICPSR36361-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2016-
03-22. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36361.v1. See also, CDC, “Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are
Established Smokers – United States, 2004 and 2006,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 58(5), February 13, 2009
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5805.pdf; Sutton, CD, “Newport: ‘Fastest Growing Cigarette in the Country,’” The Onyx Group, [updated]

January 30, 2002, http://www.onyx-group.com/Newport.htm. 
8 Lee, JGL, et al., “A Systematic Review of Neighborhood Disparities in Point-of-Sale Tobacco Marketing,” American Journal of Public Health,
published online ahead of print July 16, 2015.
9 Rodriguez, D, et al., “Predictors of tobacco outlet density nationwide: a geographic analysis,” Tobacco Control, published online first on April
4, 2012. See also Lee, JGL, et al., “Inequalities in tobacco outlet density by race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status, 2012, USA: results from

the ASPIRE Study,” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, published online March 1, 2017.
10 Seidenberg, A, et al., “Storefront cigarette advertising differs by community demographic profile,” American Journal of Health Promotion
24(6): e26-231, 2010. 11 McCarthy, WJ, et al., “Density of Tobacco Retailers Near Schools: Effects on Tobacco Use Among Students,” American Journal of Public
Health 99(11):2006-13, 2009. Henriksen, L, et al., “Is Adolescent Smoking Related to the Density and Proximity of Tobacco Outlets and Retail
Cigarette Advertising Near Schools,” Preventive Medicine 47(2):210-14, August 2008. Leatherdale, ST, et al., “Tobacco Retailer Density
Surrounding Schools and Cigarette Access Behaviors Among Underage Smoking Students,” Annals of Behavioral Medicine 33(1):105-11,
February 2007. Feighery, EC, et al., “An examination of trends in amount and type of cigarette advertising and sales promotions in California
stores, 2002-2005,” Tobacco Control (published online), February 26, 2008. Laws, MB, et al., “Tobacco availability and point of sale marketing
in demographically contrasting districts of Massachusetts,” Tobacco Control 11:71-73, 2002. 12 Kirchner, T, et al., “Tobacco retail outlet advertising practices and proximity to schools, parks and public housing affect Synar underage sales
violations in Washington, DC,” Tobacco Control 24: e52-e58, 2015. 13 Lipperman-Kreda, S. “Contextual and community factors associated with youth access to cigarettes through commercial sources,” Tobacco
Control 23: 39-44, 2014. 14 Cantrell, J, et al., “Marketing Little Cigars and Cigarillos: Advertising, Price, and Associations with Neighborhood Demographics,” American
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