An ability to appreciate is the natural progression off expectation,
this special of an often anxious bearing direction replies with what is not exculpatory,
just as the wind will breeze Storm so does the rain flood,
a scene of road or the canal drain both being able to both collect dry good to wet sallow,
while people tride method systematic,
these words are shipped with sailing.
Scene to composite a camera eye mind,
the reel in film is not blinked away,
each breath is inhaled the file of compose,
wide the brain in connect??,
no,
it is the done before that earthquake shakes to fold.
Cards on the gamble as Poles to a Flag,
stop signs Yield the lights on the day,
as today the computer has replaced the hand held beam,
leaving indeterminate to a five second steam??,
no,
it is that gossip tick keen clock as the measure becomes what??.
Social indignation farther star suns Moon,
clouds pause,
lakes sand,
shins wade,
kicks jail,
ankles misery??,
no.
Shoulder package with bounce the deem,
I do believe that one day is not a pill and the next a drink,
salt is nigh pepper and big are boards to sting??,
no,
just the fact of money in the Tom, Dick and Hare read of Now.
Experience of Ownership is individual to self??,
question on that day leap to now its the step of grant??,
no,
I have been on that ride of knowing before the fax,
this is not determination its simple called Natural Earth.
I need not X Plane as that is My Prerogative,
I have chosen a different gather than stem at staple shock,
no cadence to the sigh kick as truth is bringing site,
a concern is just a thought on my direction of a plate.
To read the below is to do as You Choose,
to know that the road to Town has stops upon its Route,
than stoplights will do as they please??,
no,
the time Means are brought by whom has planned a crew,
therefore the said is happening to clamber,
the close is closer running to direction of a . . . .
I would rather not say what I am feeling as it is becoming exact to a point,
when I was a kid,
dg and life repeating a familiar dark hour.
Cassandra (metaphor)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Cassandra Complex" redirects here. For other uses, see Cassandra Complex (disambiguation).
The Cassandra metaphor (variously labelled the Cassandra 'syndrome', 'complex', 'phenomenon', 'predicament', 'dilemma', or 'curse') occurs when valid warnings or concerns are dismissed or disbelieved.
The term originates in Greek mythology. Cassandra was a daughter of Priam, the King of Troy. Struck by her beauty, Apollo provided her with the gift of prophecy, but when Cassandra refused Apollo's romantic advances, he placed a curse ensuring that nobody would believe her warnings. Cassandra was left with the knowledge of future events, but could neither alter these events nor convince others of the validity of her predictions.
The metaphor has been applied in a variety of contexts such as psychology, environmentalism, politics, science, cinema, the corporate world, and in philosophy, and has been in circulation since at least 1949 when French philosopher Gaston Bachelard coined the term 'Cassandra Complex' to refer to a belief that things could be known in advance.[1]
Contents
[hide]Psychology[edit]
The Cassandra metaphor is applied by some psychologists to individuals who experience physical and emotional suffering as a result of distressing personal perceptions, and who are disbelieved when they attempt to share the cause of their suffering with others.
Melanie Klein[edit]
In 1963, psychologist Melanie Klein provided an interpretation of Cassandra as representing the human moral conscience whose main task is to issue warnings. Cassandra as moral conscience, "predicts ill to come and warns that punishment will follow and grief arise."[2] Cassandra's need to point out moral infringements and subsequent social consequences is driven by what Klein calls "the destructive influences of the cruel super-ego," which is represented in the Greek myth by the god Apollo, Cassandra's overlord and persecutor.[3] Klein's use of the metaphor centers on the moral nature of certain predictions, which tends to evoke in others "a refusal to believe what at the same time they know to be true, and expresses the universal tendency toward denial, [with] denial being a potent defence against persecutory anxiety and guilt."[2]
Laurie Layton Schapira[edit]
In a 1988 study, Jungian analyst Laurie Layton Schapira, explored what she called the "Cassandra Complex" in the lives of two of her analysands.[4]
Based on clinical experience, she delineates three factors which constitute the Cassandra complex:
- dysfunctional relationships with the "Apollo archetype",
- emotional or physical suffering, including hysteria (conversion disorder) or "women’s problems",
- and being disbelieved when attempting to relate the facticity of these experiences to others.[4]
Layton Schapira views the Cassandra complex as resulting from a dysfunctional relationship with what she calls the "Apollo archetype", an archetype which refers to any individual's or culture's pattern that is dedicated to, yet bound by, order, reason, intellect, truth and clarity that disavows itself of anything occult or irrational.[5] The intellectual specialization of this archetype creates emotional distance and can predispose relationships to a lack of emotional reciprocity and consequent dysfunctions.[4] She further states that a "Cassandra woman" is very prone to hysteria because she "feels attacked not only from the outside world but also from within, especially from the body in the form of somatic, often gynaecological, complaints."[6]
Addressing the metaphorical application of the Greek Cassandra myth, Layton Schapira states that:
Jean Shinoda Bolen[edit]
In 1989, Jean Shinoda Bolen, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the University of California, published an essay on the god Apollo[7] in which she detailed a psychological profile of the ‘Cassandra woman’ whom she suggested referred to someone suffering — as happened in the mythological relationship between Cassandra and Apollo — a dysfunctional relationship with an “Apollo man”. Bolen added that the Cassandra woman may exhibit “hysterical” overtones, and may be disbelieved when attempting to share what she knows.[8]
According to Bolen, the archetypes of Cassandra and Apollo are not gender-specific. She states that "women often find that a particular [male] god exists in them as well, just as I found that when I spoke about goddesses men could identify a part of themselves with a specific goddess. Gods and goddesses represent different qualities in the human psyche. The pantheon of Greek deities together, male and female, exist as archetypes in us all… There are gods and goddesses in every person."[9]
"As an archetype, Apollo personifies the aspect of the personality that wants clear definitions, is drawn to master a skill, values order and harmony, and prefers to look at the surface rather than at what underlies appearances. The Apollo archetype favors thinking over feeling, distance over closeness, objective assessment over subjective intuition."[10]
Of what she describes as the negative Apollonic influence, Dr. Bolen writes:
Bolen suggests that a Cassandra woman (or man) may become increasingly hysterical and irrational when in a dysfunctional relationship with a negative Apollo, and may experience others' disbelief when describing her experiences.[8]
Corporate world[edit]
Foreseeing potential future directions for a corporation or company is sometimes called ‘visioning’.[11] Yet achieving a clear, shared vision in an organization is often difficult due to a lack of commitment to the new vision by some individuals in the organization, because it does not match reality as they see it. Those who support the new vision are termed ‘Cassandras’ – able to see what is going to happen, but not believed.[11] Sometimes the name Cassandra is applied to those who can predict rises, falls, and particularly crashes on the global stock market, as happened with Warren Buffett, who repeatedly warned that the 1990s stock market surge was a bubble, attracting to him the title of 'Wall Street Cassandra'.[12]
Environmental movement[edit]
Many environmentalists have predicted looming environmental catastrophes including climate change, rise in sea levels, irreversible pollution, and an impending collapse ofecosystems, including those of rainforests and ocean reefs.[13] Such individuals sometimes acquire the label of 'Cassandras', whose warnings of impending environmental disaster are disbelieved or mocked.[13] Environmentalist Alan Atkisson states that to understand that humanity is on a collision course with the laws of nature is to be stuck in what he calls the 'Cassandra dilemma' in which one can see the most likely outcome of current trends and can warn people about what is happening, but the vast majority can not, or will not respond, and later if catastrophe occurs, they may even blame you, as if your prediction set the disaster in motion.[14] Occasionally there may be a "successful" alert, though the succession of books, campaigns, organizations, and personalities that we think of as the environmental movement has more generally fallen toward the opposite side of this dilemma: a failure to "get through" to the people and avert disaster. In the words of Atkisson: "too often we watch helplessly, as Cassandra did, while the soldiers emerge from the Trojan horse just as foreseen and wreak their predicted havoc. Worse, Cassandra's dilemma has seemed to grow more inescapable even as the chorus of Cassandras has grown larger."[15]
Other examples[edit]
There are examples of the Cassandra metaphor being applied in the contexts of medical science,[16][17] the media,[18] to feminist perspectives on 'reality',[19][20] in relation toAsperger’s Disorder (a 'Cassandra Syndrome' is sometimes said to arise when partners or family members of the Asperger individual seek help but are disbelieved,)[21][22][23] and in politics.[24] There are also examples of the metaphor being used in popular music lyrics, such as the 1982 ABBA song "Cassandra",[25][26] Emmy the Great's "Cassandra", andStar One's "Cassandra Complex". The five-part The Mars Volta song "Cassandra Gemini" may reference this syndrome,[27] as well as the film 12 Monkeys or in Dead and Divine's "Cassandra Syndrome".
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