Tikki Tikki Tembo
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For the 1894 Rudyard Kipling story, see Rikki-Tikki-Tavi.
Cover
| |
| Author | Arlene Mosel |
|---|---|
| Illustrator | Blair Lent |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Children's picture book |
| Publisher | Holt, Rinehart and Winston |
Publication date
| 1968 |
| Media type | Print (hardcover) |
| ISBN | 0805006621 |
| OCLC | 303376 |
| 398.27/0951 | |
| LC Class | PZ8.1.M8346 Ti |
Tikki Tikki Tembo is a 1968 picture book written by Arlene Mosel and illustrated by Blair Lent.[1] The book tells the story of a Chinese boy with a long name who fell into a well. It is a sort of origin myth about why Chinese names are so short today. The book is controversial because it appears to retell a Japanese story and because it does not portray Chinese culture accurately.
Contents
[hide]Plot[edit]
Tikki Tikki Tembo is set in ancient China and invents an ancient Chinese custom whereby parents honor their first-born sons with long, elaborate names that everyone is obliged to say completely – no nicknames, no shortening of any kind – while second-born sons are typically given short, unimportant names. A boy named Tikki Tikki Tembo-no Sa Rembo-chari Bari Ruchi-pip Peri Pembo ("The Most Wonderful Thing in the Whole Wide World") and his little brother Chang ("Little or Nothing") are playing very close to a well at their house that their mother has warned them to avoid. Chang falls in the well and his older brother runs to their mother and tells her Chang has fallen down the well. Their mother tells him to get the Old Man with the Ladder. He goes and tells the old man. Chang is rescued and then recovers quickly. Some time later, the boys are again playing near the well. This time, the older brother falls in. Chang runs to their mother and tries to tell her that "Tikki Tikki Tembo-no Sa Rembo-chari Bari Ruchi-pip Peri Pembo has fallen into the well." At first she cannot hear him so he says it again. However, because Chang is out of breath from running he sputters and then mispronounces the name. His mother insists that he repeat the name—but with respect. He tries repeatedly until finally his mother tells Chang to get the Old Man with the Ladder. Chang goes to the Old Man with the Ladder. Initially, the old man does not respond because he is asleep. Further, when Chang tries to wake him up, the Old Man with the Ladder—annoyed—tries to fall back asleep. After Chang breathlessly repeats his brother's predicament the Old Man goes with Chang to save his brother from the well. They get Tikki Tikki Tembo-no Sa Rembo-chari Bari Ruchi-pip Peri Pembo from the well, but because of the long time he was in the well, it was many moons before he was quite the same again. The end of the story says that this is why the Chinese have short names.
Reception[edit]
The book received accolades upon publication. The Kirkus Review found the illustrations to be "a skillful counterpoint of diminutive detail and spacious landscape and a fine setting for a sprightly folktale."[2] The book won a 1968 Boston Globe–Horn Book Award in the Picture Book category.[3]
In 1997, The New York Times selected it as one of the 50 best children's books of the previous 50 years.[4][5] In a 1999-2000 National Education Association online survey of children, the book was one of the "Kids' Top 100 Books".[6] Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association named the book one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children".[7] In a 2008 online poll of "Top 100 Picture Books" by School Library Journal, the book ranked 35th; in a similar 2012 poll, the book ranked 89th.[8][9] According to the publisher, over one million copies of the book had been sold by 2013.[10]
The 2009 audio book version of the story received a Parents' Choice Foundation rating of "Approved".[11]
Background[edit]
The publisher states that the author "first heard the story... as a child" and that the book is "her own retelling" of it.[10] However, the story is thought to have come from Japan rather than from China.[12] Specifically, it has been suggested that the story originated from the very similar Japanese rakugo about Jugemu Jugemu Gokō-no surikire Kaijarisuigyo-no Suigyōmatsu Unraimatsu Fūraimatsu Kūnerutokoro-ni Sumutokoro Yaburakōji-no burakōji Paipopaipo Paipo-no-shūringan Shūringan-no Gūrindai Gūrindai-no Ponpokopī-no Ponpokonā-no Chōkyūmei-no Chōsuke.[13]
In 1924, the National Association of Junior Chautauquas published a book that contained a story by an anonymous author entitled "Tiki-Tiki-Tembo"; the story concerned a boy "in old Japan" named "Tiki-tiki-tembo-no sa rembo-Hari bari broohski-Peri pen do-Hiki pon pom-Nichi no miano-Dom bori ko."[14] Toward the end of the 1924 story, it is stated that after falling into the well, the title character "never grew up to be a fine Japanese man."[14] A book published in 1968 (the same year as Tikki Tikki Tembo) reprinted the 1924 version of the story.[15]
It is possible that a recorded 1960 version of the story called "Long-Name-No-Can-Say" with a fat elder brother named "Nicki Nicki Tembo No So Rembo Oo Ma Moochi Gamma Gamma Goochi"[16] was the first to change it to a Chinese setting.[17]
A similar story is told in the American folksong "(Eddie Kucha Kacha Kama Tosa Nara Tosa Noma) Sama Kama Wacky Brown" recorded in 1960 by the Brothers Four on their eponymous first album;[18] the title character "fell into the deep, dark well" and drowned.
A story published in 1961 by Golden Press, called "The Little Boy With the Long Name", featured an older brother named "Sticky Sticky Stumbo Nos E Rumbo E Pro Pennyo Hara Bara Brisko Nicky Prom Po Nish No Mennyo Dumbricko".[19][20] The 1961 story ends with the boy's death by drowning, which was ironic because the parents had believed that giving children long names would cause them to live long lives.[20]
Criticisms and inaccuracies[edit]
Some people have felt the story to be offensive as it seems to depict their language and culture inaccurately, while claiming to retell an actual Chinese folktale.[21] Others see it as a fictional tale based superficially on a foreign land.
It has been criticized for "reinforc[ing] the stereotype that Asian names sound like nonsense syllables",[22] especially as the name of the title character is nothing like actual Chinese[23][24] and the common name Chang (pinyin Zhāng) is a surname and not a given name. No similar Chinese word means "little or nothing".[21]
Some of the cultural incongruities are:
- The mother's dress resembles a Japanese kimono.[24]
- The title character appears to wear Japanese wooden sandals (geta).[24]
- During the second visit to the well, on the "Festival of the Eighth Moon" (presumably meaning the Mid-Autumn Festival), the boys eat rice cakes instead of mooncakes.
- When Chang addresses his mother, he is depicted bowing backwards.
Editions and translations[edit]
Scholastic records released a LP record of the story in 1968.[25] Weston Woods Studios produced a filmstrip and cassette tape version in 1970 which was later distributed on VHSand DVD.[26][27][28]
Translations of the book include:
- Tikki Tikki tembo (1975, Afrikaans, ISBN 0949975257)
- Eka Tikki Tikki Tembo (1976, Zulu, ISBN 0869600648)
- Tikki, Tikki, Tembo (1994, Spanish, ISBN 1880507137)
- Tikki tikki tembo (1995, Xhosa, ISBN 1868430669)
In popular culture[edit]
- A 1990 punk rock album by the band Cringer was titled Tikki Tikki Tembo No Sa Rembo Chari Bari Ruchi Pip Peri Pembo.[29]
- The 2003 Christmas decorations at the White House included a depiction of a scene from Tikki Tikki Tembo.[30]
- The 2010 song "Wildstyle Method" by Bassnectar says Tikki Tikki Tembo's full name during certain parts of the song.
- https://vimeo.com/119205322