Whats A Mirror??

Division of Words

     IN WRITING, correct and careful division of words is A VIRTUE; in printing, it is

A NECESSITY.  If words were not divided at the ends of lines we should have to choose

between these two unwelcome possibilities: an irregular right-hand page margin or

bad spacing within the lines to fill them out.  There is a third alternative that

deserves mention but no comment beyond a brief and emphatic word of dismissal:

to break the words MECHANICALLY at the end to the line, as in the following:

         Four score and seven years ago our fathe

 rs brought forth on this continent a new n

 ation, conceived in liberty and dedicated t

   o the proposition that all men are creat      

ed equal.                                                     

     Division of words is SYLLABICATION, division into syllables or integral units of

sound.  Correct division enables the reader's eye to pass from line to line with a minimum

of inconvenience and the least possible diversion of attention from the meaning of the text.

Bad division imposes upon the reader a burden of study which is not fairly to be

exacted of him--and for which THE WRITER pays--heavily--in distraction of atten-

tion.  Bad division makes bumps in the road.

Principles of Syllabication

    First, let this elementary and fundamental principle be established in the mind:

A syllable is the unit of vocal sounding, and is therefore the unit in division; and

every syllable contains a vowel, about which the consonants group.

     Following are a few basic principles:

     1--When two consonants standing together are flanked by vowels, divide between

the consonants: bil-lion, destruc-tive, dis-pose, ex-postulate, op-portunity, par-lor.  (But

note that this rule is sometimes superseded by another, as by the second rule in this

code.)

     2--Two side-by-side consonants that are terminal in the stem word are not sep-

arated: thrill-ing.  (Note that here we have a true double consonant, whereas the 

seemingly double consonants in the words in Rule I, as billion, opportunity, are

broken between two syllables, one in each, and are therefore not properly to be

considered as doubled.)

     3--When three consonants occur in unbroken succession, it is customary to divide 

after the first: an-gry, chil-dren, kin-dred.

Prefixes and Suffixes

____________________________________________________________________

     4--Where a noun in -er or -ing is made from a verb ending in -e, and the -e is

dropped, it is best to divide between the root section of the noun and its ending:

bak-er, danc-ing, not ba-ker, dan-cing.

     5--Long vowels, or unaccented short ones, commonly close the syllable in which

they occur, and the following consonant belongs to the next syllable: ca-pable,

ca-pacity; mon-archy (accent on first syllable), mo-narchic (accent on second syllable);

pecu-nious, sepa-ration; commu-nion, exami-nation; mechan-ical, mecha-nism.  (Note

that these examples are subject to further consideration; for example, it is better to

divide mech-anism than mecha-nism, but when placement of the n becomes unavoid-

able, it correctly separates from the a.)

     6--A consonant following a short vowel sound is commonly included in its syllable:

bun-ion, compar-ison, graph-ic (the digraph ph is considered as a single consonant),

prob-able, prod-uce (the noun), sep aration   (Note--When this rule leads to forma-

tion of a misleading first syllable, the division is frequently changed, as in lo-gic

and ma-gic instead of log-ic and mag-ic, the g being kept in touch with the i  which

determines its sounding, soft as in gin rather than hard as in log.)

     7--Words formed of a main stem with a prefix that causes no shift of accent are

commonly divided after the prefix, as in pre-fix itself.  Examples: ante-chamber,

anti-slavery, hemi-sphere, post-war, pre-concerted, sub-marine.  (Caution.--Do not con-

fuse these division hyphens with compounding symbols.)

     Word division is part of the mechanics of writing and print, but correct under-

standing of it contribution to the success of writing as an art, because it lessens the

requirement of reader effort.

INTRODUCTION

THIS Dictionary is named WEBSTER'S NEW AMERICAN DICTIONARY for

     definite and practical reasons.  In a most highly developed field of dic-

tionary publishing, basic items of form--such as the treatment of definitions,

spelling, and compounding--have been standardized and ably presented to 

the American public in many editions and under numerous titles.  These

standardized components of dictionary making resist arbitrary change and

defy revolution.  No publisher or lexicographer may take liberties with them,

for they must root, grow, or change by one, and only one, great law--the

highly democratic LAW OF USAGE.

    Throughout the world, wherever English is spoken or written, the law of
usage is absolute.  The United States and England provide the lexicographers
for the English-speaking world.  On both sides of the Atlantic the law of
usage has demanded certain differences in minor phases of European and
American English.  Fortunately for both of these two greatest of English-
speaking peoples, the range of difference in their forms of writing their com-
mon language has narrowed to a point where it may truly be said that the
remaining distinctions are largely without differences.  In speaking there
exists a wider bridge, but what with the radio and travel working at fusion,
even this difference is melting away.  And while Americans inevitably gravi-
tate toward British and Canadian pronunciation, these latter have come a
long way into the field of America's vital English in the matter of the written
word.  So there is fair exchange, and the good work continues.  One day,
perhaps at no remote date, there may be only one standard of English, and
on common type of dictionary for both countries.
     Meantime, in WEBSTER'S NEW AMERICAN DICTIONARY, the spelling, the
pronunciation, the definitions, the fundamentals generally and severally,
are in accord with the law of usage.
     The METHOD, the ACCESSIBILITY,  the PRACTICABILITY, features in WEB-
STER'S NEW AMERICAN DICTIONARY, however, are new--and are "New
American."
     There is a tempo in American activities.  Right or wrong, commendable
or not, that tempo is; and it is impatient, impulsive, is some respects even
somewhat intolerant.  Applied to the use of a dictionary, it demands (1) ac-
curacy and reliability; (2) practical adequacy; (3) SIMPLICITY; (4) time-
saving, with essentials first and details restricted to general usefulness.  The
average American is "going somewhere," doing something else, when he
consults his dictionary.  And if perchance he be a pedant, and perhaps not
average, he is nevertheless American, and will, therefore, we trust, appre-
ciate the convenience of this time- and patience-saving work.

Introduction

_____________________________________________________________

     IN planning this book, the first purpose of editors and publishers was to

make a truly Simplified dictionary.  For the ordinary consultant, most dic-

tionaries are overloaded.  They offer an embarrassment of riches.  Such a

dictionary as we have visualized must carry as complete a word list as

possible.  The "average" person of today has a larger vocabulary than his 

grandfather had.  How could it be otherwise, with so many new inventions

that enter into the daily lives of people, contributing new terms to their

common equipment of speech?  Movies, auto, radio, airplane, and even

war, have poured streams of new words into the reservoirs of language.

The crossword puzzle, the radio quiz, and the new demand for correct

pronunciation have sent people scurrying to the dictionaries.  These are not

mere passing fads and fancies, the sport of a day; they are phenomena of

present-day life that must, and obviously do, add to the opportunities of

dictionary making,

     So in the making of this book we have striven to meet all possible demands

of the "average" person, the student, the business person, man or woman,

as well as the word-hunter.  Thus:

         (1)  The definitions have been made as brief and compact as pos-

                   sible without sacrificing clearness of expression and fullness

                   of meaning.

         (2)  Comment on the history and peculiar uses of words has been

                   held down to the minimum required by the needs of con-

                   sultants generally.

YOU DON'T HAVE TO HUNT!

         (3)  The chief merit claimed for this book is the Completeness of its

                    individual entries.  It is seldom necessary to run the eye back up

                    the page to find the key to a word's pronunciation.

                  

         (4)  Pronunciation is simple, almost automatic, avoiding the use of

                     involved diacritical marks or complicated "key."

         (5)  Definitions are composed in simple English phraseology.

         (6)  The book's time- and patience-saving methods, we trust you

                     will find, make it in fact what its name implies:

WEBSTER'S NEW AMERICAN DICTIONARY.

          For special self-educational features, see Table of Contents.

EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS.

     New York, 1947.

WEBSTER'S

New  AMERICAN

DICTIONARY

COMPLETELY NEW AND UP TO DATE.  PLANNED AND

WRITTEN BY MODERN EDUCATORS AND LEXICOGRAPHERS

ESPECIALLY TO SERVE THE ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS

OF SCHOOL, COLLEGE, AND SELF-EDUCATION AT HOME

Managing Editor

LEWIS M. ADAMS

Editor-in-chief

EDWARD N. TEALL, A.M.

C. RALPH TAYLOR, A.M.,

Author of Self-Education Department and Associate Editor;

Editor "The Home University Encyclopedia," "New American Encyclopedia,"

author of "Vital English"

Simplified Self-Education Treatises on:

GRAMMAR PUNCTUATION VOCABULARY TESTS

WRITING PRONUNCIATION WORDS MISPRONOUNCED

SPEAKING CAPITALIZATION  DANGER FLAGS

Illustrated -- Self-Pronouncing -- Synonyms -- Antonyms

This Dictionary is not published by the original pub-

lishers of Webster's Dictionary, or by their successors

1959

B O O K S,   I N C .

NEW  YORK

1959

B O O K S,   I N C .

NEW  YORK

What Is A Drawing Room In The Country That Knows Construction Maintains A Priced??

What is the Truth of berth to Harbor,

the pier of that is the pilings?? on the once upon on dressage court of letters on the Games??,

an Olympic Torch to be the Compass of Composition touching the Meddle??,

is trip to journey the Journal of that At hand??

a Hofbrau??,

the roast beef??,

the staff on that particular daisy of the chain once the Haight??,

sew the fiber on the bread??,

beads on the in sane??,

treasure to the pan door Awe??,

porches with the most enormous knockers??,

weighted buy the touch of Whom put to stride the opening??.

Nice to the greet and munch to the plumb,

hose to that the lawn or the Nylons or the process of watering the grass??

spouts on the bathing house to shower the flour with egg Soup skull at stands??

treats with Trick of Feather to quilts sheets on notes with cliff tangible bare??

trips to that free way on the gear a deli sand a which??

salami with the sour dough to know that Sal is also laughing playland at Mécanique??

slides with burr lap or is it the gunny sack on the I rack??

Steep are the Whistles to the Grow^Sir reed,

Marsh the Bog of a loggers driven by real People person Name Mr. White!!,

silent??,

no the presence to the gift of why must the forest be a grove??,

that Mill or the labor of Work on the key??,

shall the dance Sing to tune??,

does the Radio blast or is the Television a Crone??,

wine in the barrel grapes on the vine??,

wares are the formal Introduction to three Sill a bulls??.

These do not dye the read to type the rider??,

should the Staircase at the Stare Case be of Library or in Cycle of the sike Lo Pea dee eh??,

does that Footman mark the Carriage or branch to that Rein??,

can snail be of a Trail??

Banana and Year to this Next nestle of the Cuddle to the English,

language From??,

to that is the Missing link In or On??,

corner fracture to the fracking??,

dives to digs the Ashbury to that Panhandle??,

blood banks on the Masonic??,

where hour is the minute on the Timer for the buzz ore of this simple Question,

is it as simple as the move ease??,

a Room^EAN House to the I in gee on the chalk let of the Out line of a Dam??

Curt see to that is the remember the Man,

the avenue of the division as the Ad diction to the thermal chills of this World on the strongs??,

now is it the a diction for the fact tore or the X marks the Spot Tier??,

sync Width of Cave to channel the black to value giant or giant value to that Snorri,

as the frames are glasses on the fill what say crowds on the signed??,

package of cheer or that Bar side Pool side of the que Stick figure Rean??

What Are The Notes To Singing In The Rain Should The Letter State Know??

11:14 AM ~ December 31st, 2015

Rules for Spelling

     Reduced to utmost and ultimate simplicity, the rules for good spelling are as
follows:
     1--If a word ends in a mute, the e is dropped when a termination beginning with
a vowel is added: hope, hoping; true, truism; guide, guidance.  But note certain in-
stances in which e must be retained to hold the sense, as in dyeing, distinguished from
dying; singeing, distinguished from singing.  Also, there are complications as between
lineage, measurement by lines, and lineage, a line of descent.  In the former sense the
spelling linage has gained great popularity.
     2--A silent e at the end of a word is retained when an ending beginning with
a consonant is added: hate, hateful; incite, incitement; move, movement.  Exceptions
occur when the silent e is preceded by a vowel, as in argue, argument.
    3--In monosyllables or words accented on the last syllable, a final consonant fol-
lowing a single vowel is doubled before endings that begin with a vowel: abel,
abetted; begin, beginning; wit, witty.  Words of this group ending in s show some
variations.  Thus we have gas, gassy, but gaseous.  When the accent is thrown back,
in the derivative form, the consonant is not doubled.  Thus we have preference, not
preferrence.  In British usage a final l is doubled: traveller, kidnapping; but American
practice is quiet generally in favor of the single consonant, as in canceled, chiseling,
kidnaper, leveling, quarreled, reveling, traveler, worshiper.
     4--When a word ends in e. k  is added before and ending beginning with e, i, or
y, as in colic, colicky; traffic, trafficking; panic, panicky.
     5--When a word ends in a double consonant, this ending is commonly retained
in derivatives made by adding one or more syllables, as odd, oddly; ebb, ebbing; stiff,
stiffness.  But there is variant usage in connection with words ending double l,
as enroll, dull, skill, and along with enrollment, dullness, skillful we find enrolment,
dulness, skilful.  In adding -ly to a word ending in double l, two l's are used: dully.
     6--In forming derivatives of words ending in y preceded by a consonant, the y
is commonly changed to i before any termination not beginning in i: dainty, daintily;
mercy, merciful; modify, modification.  Thus we have flying but flier; dryness but
drier.  Some do write drily, but the better usage is dryly.  As in all rules for English
spelling, it is necessary to note certain exceptions: day, daily; lay, laid; pay, paid;
say, said.  Some persons write stay and staid, but as we have as adjective in the
latter form it is generally considered better to write the verb stayed.  There is vari-
ance of usage also in derivatives of gay: gaily or gayly, gaiety or gayety.

Spelling

_________________________________________________________________________
     7--Where -ing is used to form derivatives from words ending in -ie, the e being
dropped (Rule One), the i changes to y: die, dying; tie, tying; vie, vying.  (Do not
confuse dying with dyeing, using dye.)
     8--When a syllable beginning with a vowel is added to a word having a vowel
ending, the vowel ending is generally retained: echo, echoing; woo, wooer.  The ex-
ceptions to this rule are simple and easily mastered: When the word ends in silent e,
the e is dropped before an ending that starts with e, as sue, sued; and when the stem
word ends in double e, only two e's appear in the derivative, as in agree, agreed.
     9--As a rule, noun and adjective from the same stem word in -ant or -ent have
the same vowel in the derivative: attendant, attendance; dependent, dependence.  In
determining whether the ending should be -ant or -ent, -ance or -ence, the student
of Latin has some advantage, for the a forms are from Latin verbs of the first con-
jugation (-are), and the e forms go back to verbs in the other conjugations.  A curious
exception is in the noun confidant, which seems to conflict with the adjective form
confident and the abstract noun form confidence.  Confidant is taken straight from the
French; the verb confide and its derivatives trace back to the Latin verb confidere.

Variant Styles

     In some matters of spelling the student has choice of different usages, all supported
by good authority.  Anyone experiencing difficulty in making decisions will do well
to follow the dictionary, and look these words up until through repetition he has
formed the habit of correct spelling.  Keeping a pocket notebook with LISTS OF WORDS
in the different groups will supply the student with ready reference supplementary
to his use of the dictionary.
     First, the prefixes in and en, combining with verbs and their derivatives, may be
puzzling.  The former is Latin; the latter comes from the French.  Infold is now
more commonly used than enfold.  Where the meaning is unmistakably that of
in-ness, in is likely to be correct.  But it is to be borne in mind that there are many
words, like enchant, in which the prefix does not mean "in" but has merely an in-
tensive force.
     Usage is more firmly fixed with regard to -er and -re: theater, theatre.  Dr. Worcester
adopted the British form, -re; Webster gave common currency to -er.  But it is to
be noted that in some words the choice is not offered: acre, lucre, ogre.
     Similar to -er, -re are the -ise, -ize and -or, -our problems.  The -ise and -our spell-
ings, as in analyse and honour, are British.  American usage is heavily in favor of
the -or form, as in color, but is mixed on -ise, -ize.  We write  advertise, comprise,
disfranchise, exercise, supervise.  But in many words we give special force to the -ize
ending--principally where it is added to a whole word in familiar use, as Americanize,
circularize.  The -ize ending reflects the Greek, the -ise form comes from the French.
Criticize is now established in common American usage.  Glamour is a notable ex-
ception to the American practice of dropping the u in such word endings.  The u,
however, is omitted in the derivative glamorous.
     The world of science is doing some streamlining, simplifying its vocabulary.  Thus
-id and -in are used instead of -ide and -ine.
     Many changes from older forms have come about.  The letter u is now dropped
from many words that used to carry it, as in mo(u)ld, ga(u)ge, sta(u)nch.
     Another group of words in which trouble is experienced by doubtful spellers is
made up of those in which some use a c and some an s.  Offense and defense are now
a quite general favor.  Some of us write practice for either noun or verb; others

Spelling

_______________________________________________________________________
write practise for all uses of the word, and some there are who still stick to the old
way of writing practice for the noun and practise for the verb.
     A similar division of custom is observable in plow, plough.

Spelling of Plurals

     Most English noun plurals are formed by adding -s to the singular: book, books;
indication, indications; track, tracks.  But there are many variations from this simple
rule:
     1--Some nouns ending in o, preceded by a consonant, add -es for the plural:
cargoes, echoes, embargoes, mottoes, potatoes.
     2--Nouns ending in o, preceded by another vowel, form the plural by adding -s:
cameos, folios.
     3--Nouns ending in a consonant not followed by silent e and having a sound to 
which simple -s is not easily affixed form the plural by adding -es.  These consonants
are especially j, s, x,s z, ch, sh.  Examples: churches, gases, losses, foxes.
     4--Words ending in a consonantal sound followed by silent e form their plurals
by adding -s: ages, fences, poses, mazes.
     5--Nouns that end in y, following a consonant, form the plural by changing y
to i and adding -es: army, armies; lady, ladies; mercy, mercies; sky, skies.  This rule
applies also to nouns ending in -quy, the u having consonant value equivalent to w:
colloquy, colloquies.
     6--Nouns ending in y following a vowel form the plural by adding -s: day, days;
key, keys.

Spelling of Irregular Plurals

    Some groups of irregular plurals are worthy of separate attention.  With but a
little study they can be mastered and tucked away in a corner of the mind, ready
for use when needed.  Lists jotted down in a pocket notebook would be helpful and
would pay a high rate of interest on time and effort invested.
     1--Nouns in which final f, fe, or ff changes to -ves: beef, beeves; elf, elves; knife,
knives; life, lives; self, selves.  Some nouns have alternative plural forms in different
senses, as staff, staffs or staves.  Usage varies in such words as hoof and roof, but
hoofs and roofs are more in favor than hooves and rooves.
     2--Some nouns form plurals by changing the central vowel sound, without adding
-s: foot, feet; man, men; mouse, mice; tooth, teeth; woman, women.  Here the student
can experience little difficulty; the one misleading factor is the danger of false anal-
ogy. The plural of moose is not meese.  The plural of talisman is not talismen.  The
list in the notebook should show the irregular forms, the exceptions.
     3--Nouns taken over from foreign languages offer a problem: Is it better to use
the plural of the original language, or swing over boldly into an English plural?
It is not possible to rule arbitrarily on entire groups; each word has to be deter-
mined individually and independently.  The criterion is the extent to which the word
has entered into the common vocabulary.  The man of science thinks and says
formulae; the ordinary writer, accepting the word as ordinary English, makes the
plural formulas.   Those who know some Greek are apt to write automata; but autom-
atons is a convenient and perfectly satisfactory form for the multitudes who do
not know Greek.  This dictionary favors English plurals for such words AS FAR AS
POSSIBLE, as: indexes rather than indices, matrixes rather than matrices.  An example
of a completely Anglicized foreign word is bandit.  We pluralize it as bandits; the
Italian plural, banditti, is called for only in rare and special instances.  No fixed rule
can be made for these foreign nouns; the dictionary user will find it well worth while
to give them a little close study.

Words Commonly Misspelled

____________________________________________________________________

Good Spelling Is an Asset

     The difficulties of English spelling are great enough to provide a strong alibi for
persons who are not willing to work to master them.  Accuracy in spelling is worth
working for.  Poor spelling is a liability, good spelling is an asset.  Nothing good is
likely to be gained without effort.
     The first service rendered by the dictionary is that of recording spellings.  They
are shown in the entries, the first thing seen by the consultant.  And they are always
in display type; prominent, easy to find.  In the matter of reference frequency, spell-
ing no doubt far surpasses pronunciation and even definition.
    To the user of this dictionary we comment the practice of habitual notice of spell-
ings.  Instead of merely using the book to check an occasional puzzling spelling, be
spelling-conscious; notice and carefully record in the mind two or three spellings each
time the book is used.  Form the habit of SYSTEMATIZING  the information thus ac-
quired.  Make your dictionary give you full service.  This is the way to master the
art of spelling.

WEBSTER'S

New  AMERICAN

DICTIONARY

COMPLETELY NEW AND UP TO DATE.  PLANNED AND

WRITTEN BY MODERN EDUCATORS AND LEXICOGRAPHERS

ESPECIALLY TO SERVE THE ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS

OF SCHOOL, COLLEGE, AND SELF-EDUCATION AT HOME

Managing Editor

LEWIS M. ADAMS

Editor-in-chief

EDWARD N. TEALL, A.M.

C. RALPH TAYLOR, A.M.,

Author of Self-Education Department and Associate Editor;

Editor "The Home University Encyclopedia," "New American Encyclopedia,"

author of "Vital English"

Simplified Self-Education Treatises on:

GRAMMAR PUNCTUATION VOCABULARY TESTS

WRITING PRONUNCIATION WORDS MISPRONOUNCED

SPEAKING CAPITALIZATION  DANGER FLAGS

Illustrated -- Self-Pronouncing -- Synonyms -- Antonyms

This Dictionary is not published by the original pub-

lishers of Webster's Dictionary, or by their successors

1959

B O O K S,   I N C .

NEW  YORK

1959

B O O K S,   I N C .

NEW  YORK

Know Pictures Of Year To Date And The Over Taxing Men Toll Problems Of . . . . . .A Feat^Tus??

6:43 AM  ~  December 5th, 2015

X Spelling by Rules That Remain Vivid

    SPELLING IS THE ART of putting letters together to make words.  Words as spoken
are composed of sounds.  In writing and printing we represent those sounds by letters.
A person who does not know how to read, write, and spell is called an unlettered
person.  One who puts letters together to make words by guesswork is said to be
spelling phonetically; that is, by sound alone.
     But there are other elements reflected in the conventional system of spelling.
These are etymological, historical.  Our English words come from many sources,
and their origin and development are frequently reflected in the modern orthography
or system of spelling.  Its is largely due to these elements that spelling is difficult and
causes so much confusion among those who will not study the art.
     Consider the word rain.  The actual sound of it would be correctly represented
by the letters r, long a, n: ran.  But here our guess-speller is in trouble.  We have no

Spelling

____________________________________________________________________

special character (in ordinary text) for long a.  The letter a is used to represent sev-
eral quite different sounds, as in fat, fate, far, fare, sofa.  The three letters r, a, and n,
formed as a word, gives us ran, past tense of the verb run and pronounced with
short sound of a.
     As a next step, our speller may just happen to know that -ane is pronounced
with the long sound of the vowel; therefore, he might write rain as rane.
     The amazing fact about unlettered people is that they frequently do differentiate,
but almost always in reverse.  Thus our rule-ignorant speller would be quite likely
to write: "The rane fell on the window pain."
     What he would do with rein and reign is impossible to foretell.

Scientific Phonetics

     The passion for spelling reform is of long standing and uncomfortably wide dis-
tribution.  President Theodore Roosevelt gave some encouragement to its evangelists.
One of our great dictionaries recognized the reformed system boldly but not with
the hoped-for results in popular adoption of the so-labeled "simplified" style.
     The simple truth about extreme "simplified" spelling is that it is actually not as
simple as the conventional form.
     The editor has before him a pamphlet devoted to propagation of "a refrmeishn
v dh Ixglish laexgwidzh az wel az a nuli djvaizd speling"  (a reformation of the
English language as well as a newly devised spelling).  Imagine trying to teach such
a system to boys and girls in "the grades"!  This reformer spells  "typewriter"
"taipraitr."  "Resides" becomes "rjzaidz."  "Exposure," in this system, is "ikspozhr."
And the inventor says:  "In faekt, it kaen bj lrnt bai eni wan in a faivminit stadi."
     Such wildly theoretic reform has never gained favor with the multitudes; it is
impossible to believe it ever can.  But many  "reforms" have worked themselves
out in the course of time and by natural processes.  Such processes must ever super-
sede in effective influence all private reform enterprise and even (could it be gained)
legislative decree.  An example of this "natural" reform may be sen in the dropping
of the k from the early English form musick.
     Such changes as program for programme, catalog for catalogue, come about naturally
and not through propaganda of theorists.  The American tendency, in spelling as in
compounding, is for true simplicity.  Its operation is accelerated, in our times, by
such influences as the saving of space in headlines, the constant pressure for con-
densation and speed, the desire for STREAMLINING.
     Many specious arguments have been advanced in favor of this miscalled simplifi-
cation.  The fundamental plea, that it SIMPLIFIES, is false.  It does not diminish the
difficulties; it increases them.  It would not effect a material saving of space in
printing; actual typographical demonstration is easy.  The "simplified" spellings
would cut linage very slightly, if at all; they would simply result in more open
spacing of lines.
     Conventionalized spelling is an inescapable necessity.  It makes for the common
good.  It assures the reader's understanding of the writer's work.  It is not a matter
of taste and judgement, like choice of necktie; it is a matter of practical effectiveness,
like the two-and-twoness of four.  True and desirable reform will come about through
natural operations, the prevalence of a common will over the idiosyncrasies of restless
seekers after change for change's sake.
     Sir Thomas Smith of Queen Elizabeth's cabinet was an early advocate of other
than go-as-you-please spelling.  An example of the difficulties encountered is in the
doubling of final consonants before terminations.  Even today there are some per-

Spelling

____________________________________________________________________

fectly respectable Americans who deplore the modern American practice of dropping
the second p in kidnaper.  To them the shortened form seems really to "say," to sug-
gest to the reader's mind, a long sound of a: kidnāping.  A kidnaper, they say, would
be one who napes; one who naps is a napper.  And this is based upon good old-
established usage.  For one who taps is a tapper; one who naps is a napper.
     Here we run into the matter of accent.  Shall we write benefitted or benefited?
Fidgetty, or fidgety?  Everybody writes fitted, without a misgiving; the stem is ac-
cented.  Fidgety is better than fidgetty, because the final syllable is not accented.
But modern usage--due largely to newspaper practice, where mechanical considera-
tions prevail and the cutting of space is a major desideratum--is decisively influ-
ential, and the people are writing kidnaper, kidnaping.
     Meanwhile, we have certain commonly accepted standards, and our purpose is to
present those rulings of common usage in the simplest and most helpful manner.
That is one of prime functions of a dictionary.

WEBSTER'S

New   AMERICAN

DICTIONARY

COMPLETELY NEW AND UP TO DATE.  PLANNED AND

WRITTEN BY MODERN EDUCATORS AND LEXICOGRAPHERS

ESPECIALLY TO SERVE THE ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS

OF SCHOOL, COLLEGE, AND SELF-EDUCATION AT HOME

Managing Editor

LEWIS M. ADAMS

Editor-in-chief

EDWARD N. TEALL, A.M.

C. RALPH TAYLOR, A.M.,

Author of Self-Education Department and Associate Editor;

Editor "The Home University Encyclopedia," "New American Encyclopedia,"

author of "Vital English"

Simplified Self-Education Treatises on:

GRAMMAR PUNCTUATION VOCABULARY TESTS

WRITING PRONUNCIATION WORDS MISPRONOUNCED

SPEAKING CAPITALIZATION  DANGER FLAGS

Illustrated -- Self-Pronouncing -- Synonyms -- Antonyms

This Dictionary is not published by the original pub-

lishers of Webster's Dictionary, or by their successors

1959

B O O K S,   I N C .

NEW  YORK

What Is Vet Wrap Should The Standard Band^Age Know What Cavalletti's Can Be?? A Jump Pole Or To See The Spot Or Know That Trainers Clinic Clock??

Saddle Up this Nation on the treble Cleft of the Musical on the classic of dressage on that first day,

with the leg on the length be of the girth??,

well back in the day that Girth had Made to the Clever,

hinge this stable touch understanding a hand gallop to the jump of the Hedge stump,

on the Trunk of the said is the burst of this ride!!

Cinch chew say to that Tow back range of Coffee on the Stood straight Spoon??,

butter on the What??,

cream in the pudding as the Milk is on the sip of tea,

saucer for the fill on that is the leaves,

yes is that for any in the tree understand the pour of the whistle of the steaming of Kettle large to sound.

Bring this to bridle ask the back whats a pound,

the coin or the flip on the Tale of head in the air of the Say??,

change that to the stove this is nigh the ringer in the largest of the call,

it is the Numbers of the 10 on the 5 of the 2:9 Carriage.

Is the reason for sud toll the soap of that glass eyed look of the under stair,

is that the toy let on the driveway CLEAR!! as that is the bellowing HERE,

raise Trade bell to that is the Walk in the Park on the Roads of Tracks in Condition for the Condition the Condition is Inn,

make Wise to that is the Whisper on the roof off a venture to the Strip in that this is the Stip.!!,

far from Cry close to sheer,

dress told the hat that the step is on the dream of 815 long distance left.

Shore sands dial to the Dough Tee for this is the perk on that is the known of the Rung!!

What's SAT??

The Written Tend on December 29th, 2015 at 5:21 PM

So as the Haul a days have just come to that realization that the year is just a pause as any ankle steer,

the cows and that be stipulation on every given stand to handle the single cart of harness,

the bridle on the bit piece to walk on with the imagination of the sake song on the ditched,

people some what believe that the calendar charges change to the steep,

how ever the stupor of real to blink in that strange lyre on the harps of treads veal.

Ewe are still sheep the Flocking is still fleece Sweaters are still Air in,

the wool is still on the threads of silk,

crowds are still going to work,

society is still responsible for each ink coal of the embers of the burning land,

just in the trailer of the hitch at the ball of the scale on sheet style and skip!!

These park chew darts to Aim,

the guitar to play a short sprite on the X Fact or once the Shale will still chalk let,

the voice still in the vocal chords of the text stem,

words pare,

the fresh stale stair is still the case of library that be rum`d ice class to shoulder skates as chest turn`d state.

Those cheese still ripens on the Wheel of baled,

the Wire on the Internet still Volumes the listing of the letters with that clause,

sentence is still life on the strum,

music is still banister to the scrolling of strollers that dock at the putters deal,

dirt tee is still the Ilk on the Sock of the liquid Ivory of the Keys to plates of Tiers,

the location is still the corner to the block of the pyramid lives that ran to the streamers with dally & diced.

Preparation of the war Fare of Political debates will Once a pawn the Cook to the stage of Pick Tux,

the labels will comma cause E! to the Upper Grip of the grid on the time of what was a blackout,

that National Media will Shore in immediate right back to the check Spin to record porridge,

the nest of egg scrambles of brains and lanes will perk to the cough in of monster by sod,

the clove will spice the pump ken to widdle the american arson to burning bare ole again,

these pastures of what did have a slip to play the ballet and serve the tea party leaves will revive to the shine.

Is it nice to Neet,

service with an August Nights sort of File to compass the Same in exact for the limit less diet of shaped,

that mull over the sigh duh to know that snow is of the spelling of flakes in the World of just like,

that perfect festival of gathering pleasure to were shipping the coin on the heads of the tale lore's smiled.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

5:48 AM  ~  12/4/2015

Buy the purchase of A thimble in the Inch the Thread of Silks in the Web Burrs rise,

a platter of lace to that buckle of Shoe which Craft venue is the batter Up??,

is the welp of the screen as those chain the ankle,

be of the String no Theory to land!!

Brain in that Fast growth to the Knee where is the Value of the giants on Steel,

now the Knights have cast Bourne to make off the Move 'V' splendor on Did??,

yappy the bellow on the Chimney is splash??,

the Ponds on the lathe make In dressed for Stuff in??,

all while the World gallops the Pole,

flag these to Wares in the Drugstores of Fees in dust Deeds in the Trades!!

Give to the Take clip on the Theater And in the Between pause for the Spits,

oil to the Hill on the slides of the Films hour is the Min. It to write Scribes from the grave!!

Round to the glass break in The Yarn second Price to Saline as the Tiers angle Dice,

a Rooster on Hen roof the Egg laying Stray,

with a good Chair Understanding as the Show In bee sea!!

Wow winced the Form^Ole to screetch say its Awl,

with a bit on the langauage And an An Sir to brae,

add in the Substitution to IM^Possible swing,

Mission that Off to the Once in a Strain.

Pt. Pier^'e'^Odd that blankets to Rockets read Stare,

horses on Daisy duke of the Pear,

application with Timing to bounce the big Steer,

but as any good Coffee the saddle Knows range,

for that is not a steering its a knowing of Oysters,

rock Key Mountain to the fry of Pi lawns and Veer.

What Is An Introduction To Trainers Should I Say Bow??

The Bounce 'The Fly' the Grid Work on the Ride with an Arena & Cross Country; an Event to know,

as the course is of standard it is the Dressage of the letter to Horsemanship book`d,

chapter by text the Verses of tack Saddles bits Bridles shore with Reins to rubber leather Weave,

west buy North to understand the Viking,

read Hare the skip to walk seat off the World!!

Lathe to the Skull stalls on the barn it is the Well groomed Stable that delivers the Isle,

Reeses is a Candy the counter of Chalk let us gain to the Bubble of read deed,

streets of San Francisco the music on in vest a gate marking that creature feature for shows,

Poster boys Super steeps kettles known did NBC for the brook Creeks bell leaved,

rising trot to collection on the feeds remember the oats as Bud did the strong!!

Hot Chocolate memory the steady on ride,

walking to driving those that chose to Hem lives with lawn,

aim did the bough len did the blink to get that blink its a comprehend of the gong,

boom went the Convent to marble Floors from the Hall,

there on the cadence that chap^pull for Tong!!

Dressed in the call or that reminded a clothes,

as to see would believe that lives are in gauge,

locke`s on constitution to describe founder of swap,

same on the coin is the Tale of the shake,

blunt is a joint that spelled cruise to the map,

other on speaking Talking just Zest!!

Tam a Rack is spring to the attach of that scene,

say crid spark to IM burr it slouch while the cobblestone did the out dure of Tier,

scones spoke of role as the Cocktail spin yet on the air plane the cent tense did Nair,

stubble to jar the seal of steam Canning is still on the beep beep off that pean.

Bon is a define to understand land Fire is Flame that Aristotle rang stout with simply Plato on Tau,

dust to the shelves of the shoulders on carriage,

fill loss sew fee ran to the catch Twenty five dancing the brain to Mind that built too.

Hart in the work is hour of Pick remember Remember the E! 'V' go tip,

scrabble the Opera at fan Tum the grasp,

rule of the Wag is the Tale of the 'V' Nus,

its in the stars of Compass direct shins go Tight in,

computers technology is logic with Mail!!

I really enjoy the radio on this Can of the discussion conversation on the Tims,

great is the flavor to spice on the Or register of the receipt to Tack the bit piece to Work,

in that is the present of accounted door as the light is of this Man's particular dedication to warm,

the heat off the Words to be of the trace that responsibility to foundation is of structure to Structure sound!!

Of the put to thought on the amazing audience 'Years' the gather has collection first grains,

this puts to the language of not not round a bout nor does the fountain not not know of the ink!!

Width this with the world of current charge of the snooze this music is the Sheet Notes to Suit,

per ankle to call the put to those plates consider the time touching grace for the gates,

the excitement on line envelopes strange weird but the Thyme is like Salt on the brine of Mans pour.

So as the Crow does fly,

as the question is begged for that is said for thee appropriate Tug,

the drink is a taste from the To deep prose on the toe,

counting the Theme is not desired for the option is to bring the News with a Sky!!,

I shall provide Information to the In Form Nation of my ear to the grind,

no stone needed as the tune is the ability to tune the radio to the actual of Talk 910 KKSF AM for Host named Noun,
 now for Alan Colmes!!

Some of the commercials are a bit taxing,

although the Harbor is a Pier on the Dutch of what is necessary for the Goods of Production,

as price Cost to staple it is the butter of the milk on cream for a cup of coffee with practical Shell,

as this makes the challenge to know of the whisper I love the determination of the at steel of cope,

learning that all must endure to listen.

What floors me each a compass on the bearings of his ear is the ability to Hello on the long listeners,

its an appeal to the realm of such steady on fodder that brings delivery with lanes for the Talkers to speech,

language is brought with both teach and be taught with options for expression that take Task to the station.

This is a Shore!!

KKSF

City of license	Oakland, California
Broadcast area	San Francisco Bay Area
Branding	Talk 910
Slogan	San Francisco's Talk Station
Frequency	910 kHz (also on HD Radio)
First air date	1922 (as KLX)
Format	News/Hot Talk
Power	20,000 watts (Day) 5,000 watts (Night)
Class	B
Facility ID	59966
Transmitter coordinates	37°53′45″N 122°19′25″WCoordinates: 37°53′45″N 122°19′25″W
Callsign meaning	K K "San Francisco"
Former callsigns	KLX (1922-1959) KEWB (1959-1966) KNEW (1966-2012)
Affiliations	Fox News Radio Premiere Radio Networks
Owner	iHeartMedia, Inc. (AMFM Broadcasting Licenses, LLC)
Sister stations	KIOI, KISQ, KMEL, KNEW,KOSF, KYLD
Webcast	Listen Live
Website	talk910.com

Whats The Backstretch Should The Homestretch Not Have Been On The Tell A Phone?? A Movie, Theatre Piece Or Real Lives That Believe That It Really Just Comes Down To The Wire??

It is so wonderful to know that this year has hugged with such grace of the lathe,

shingles to rooftops on the music of sound,

that encouragement shore to the sands on the snore,

waves tasting beach to know that the scene is as beautiful as a piece of the washing Ma sheen.

Clear to the weather the magnitude signed,

with ever in trust the spot by design,

win to the Home of My Grandparents rare,

dining room saying that memories formed.

So excited to believe that Oak Tree did find growth with the drive to the sail of man stand,

the edge of such storms in the world of such torn,

the love is just beaming to know of the Fore!!

Simply the avenue on the looking glass birch,

those smooth introductions to locations on subbed,

yet in that rather of these days on bend thunder,

light is the language to envelope tux hugged.

Long on the lane is the Beulah Drive for the grain,

now on the hour it is the evening of lights sigh,

overlook to that downtown remember the face,

music is spacing to play with the grace.

Much has come down to the barn of a stable,

nigh worry from worry at worry in drug by the anchors of loud to much for the tongue,

with complete verse to be happy My Mother is clear,

that I have a love that is deeply in signed.

Glad that the perfect of My Mother is cheer,

for that was a troublesome worry to worry again,

now that the free verse is walking for grin,

may the friends that I once embraced become the bet friends.

Gamble with letters of prose on the Poe leased to bring reason with eh,

hours of day writes to spell touch the hand grand,

My Mother has berth to the Harbor of planned,

it is a piece to this year with the beauty of loved.

Where Does The Pony Express Saddle To English Again??

Pigeons Cause to care Reed Fluster of the Message on the Wings of the Bird,

sea the spelling divide on the sow,

at the cost of the Seeds pin`d Of the Fester of the Cyst on the Boiling of the Plaster at Say Ur,

the License of the Chimney the Bill Owe of the News,

Media on denial those Channels on the National bring Casting of Horror with spice Taste on spore,

make that sae urge to truss of Skull it Develops to the Film of coloring on the Blanks??.

this is the Pasteur of silk with the Clothes of skin.

Sheds that have method to operation of the dialing of Soups to brain the batters Shell??,

oil & Soap rinsed with the Wording that has bring??,

shopping to death filled with commercial Add vent Ties`d??,

thee At Fester hath delivery!!

Head of sayer to raft or the Measured??,

digs on the Swells of the ditch to the Press??,

type light I.D. to Louse??,

the comb of Shampoo??,

deep Cent??,

piles of sutter street??,

galley of the Kit^chin??,

square block to Sphinx on the pier Amid the cobble??,

stretch of the lamp as the shade is the tread??,

did the History of the shower discuss conversations drawn on the straw of the Shakes??

Gee tack Haw on the Tax^eh^Shin of the Arm Raced to track the Computation of calculations baste??,

paste Ding arch of Feat to prints sand??,

grain of sail??,

sleeve of Suit??,

Shepherds of the Pill^Grimm??

Swallow the Whistle as the Flout tsk Rosins the Violin a Dove the roof layer??,

mud Cakes pad Dee whack??,

pass Tour of the bus Vans a racket from Tennis to Rack^It ball meant to dial the Numbers of 10:22??

What sheep drive Ewe flocking glee Wind doughs that have Woven Sweaters fore Trued??,

directions to Stack`d Sigh Ole to per Act score??,

less the lease to body sided shorn is the Clipper of Yak with Camel back Sleep??,

closed Lyre sing Drum sticks and Can to Microphone rum Runners on the sew brie??,

oh^shin the skirt the Hemming way guard each stitch to chorus the Singer at strand,

why's the whirl waisting Mon day??.

Fee Fie Fiddle lee Aye 'O' the letter of the Numb burr that Human Tech Knoll logic still long,

yeast has drop risen to speak of the spree`d,

rum on the past tell to schedule to Dates on the dried prunes of Trees on the read woulds of political state,

words Fall in questions??,

Mark 10!!