The Fundamentals of Critical Reading and Effective Writing
| . | Fiction v. NonfictionFiction: poems, stories, plays, novelsNonfiction: newspaper stories, editorials, personal accounts, journal articles, textbooks, legal documentsFiction is commonly divided into three areas according to the general appearance of the text:
Note that newspaper articles are nonfiction—even when fabricated. The test is not whether the assertions are true. Nonfiction can make false assertions, and often does. The question is whether the assertions claim to describe reality, no matter how speculative the discussion may be. Claims of alien abduction are classified as nonfiction, while "what if" scenarios of history are, by their very nature, fiction. The distinction between fiction and nonfiction has been blurred in recent years. Novelists (writers of fiction) have based stories on real life events and characters (nonfiction), and historians (writers of nonfiction) have incorporated imagined dialogue (fiction) to suggest the thoughts of historical figures. |
Fiction Novels / Stories Poetry Drama |
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The Fundamentals of Critical Reading and Effective Writing
to Read and Write | and Critical Thinking | as Well as Words | Ingredients of Texts | Says, Does, and Means | for Reading and Writing |
To the critical reader, any single text provides but one portrayal of the facts, one individual's "take" on the subject.
| Non-critical (or pre-critical) reading is concerned with recognizing what a text says about the topic. The goal is to make sense of the presentation as a sequence of thoughts, to understand the information, ideas, and opinions stated within the text from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph. This is a linear activity.Critical reading is an analytic activity. The reader rereads a text to identify patterns of elements -- information, values, assumptions, and language usage-- throughout the discussion. These elements are tied together in an interpretation, an assertion of an underlying meaning of the text as a whole. Critical thinking involves bringing outside knowledge and values to bear to evaluate the presentation and decide what to ultimately accept as true.
criticalreading.com shows you how to recognize what a text says, what a text does, and what a text means
by analyzing choices of content, language, and structure.
It shows you what to look for, and how to think about what you find.
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| Fiction |
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and yet most high schools and colleges offer no course in critical reading.
This is the website for just such a course.
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Online magazine featuring original essays and stories, staff-written articles on politics, psychology, philosophy, lifestyle, the arts
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- Born: 1939
The AuthorOther educational experience includes Coordinator, Issue in Health Care Delivery course, Johns Hopkins University; Director, Baltimore Free University; Curriculum Developer (K-8) and Science / Mathematics Teacher (6-7), Hotevilla-Bacavi Community School, Hotevilla, AZ (Hopi Indian Reservation); Instructor, Science Concepts and Developmental Mathematics, College at Ganado, under contract to the Hopi Health Professional Development Program, Oraibi, AZ; Instructor, Scientific Reading Skills and Study Techniques. Bridge to Medicine Program,(Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City College of New York; and Instructor, Stone Carving, Elisabet Ney Sculpture Conservatory, Austin, TX.. He is the author ofI Know What It Says...What Does It Mean: Critical Skills for Critical Reading, Wadsworth, 1994,The Net, The Web, and You...All you really need to know about the Internet...and a little bit more, Wadsworth, 1996, andIntroduction to the Internet for College Success and Freshman Experience, Wadsworth, 1997 He has published articles in theJournal of Reading,College Composition and Communication,Journal of Chemical Education,Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, andJournal of Projective Techniques and Personality Assessment. |
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