Saturday, September 17, 2016

Be Sure And Dial The Numbers For Their Mass Posture Is To Stick Style To Skate Smooth Concept As Each Step Is Heard And Accepted, The Feather Of An Ox At The Beauty Of A Calm, For In This Moment Of Reality Even The Cattle Beef Silent!!!!

Image result for History european union

The E.U. and a bloody war for the betterment of perception,
in the years of history recording the 1945 entry,
an applied difficult treasury??,
or is American diplomacy the ignorance of Australian prisoners of war??,
shall the thermal underwear character to speak while the Bloomberg Surveillance so eloquently bleeds??

While a Keen grapple grapes the Wine to cheese the Finders see^old,
a grind to cough^fee ankle bound,
the U.S.A. in lettering.

Counter to that whom is Host and Answer to that Hooters??,
big bloopers on that show Bloomberg Surveillance aptly played,
the citizen style to empty war with no bloody war for say 'ole boy',
up character of beat to harness cent as act to shin is presence Bens!!

Clock Tower babble that bible Fling,
now grain the oat a sway,
the breeze of Europeans coward to the fact that Days had more than bloody filth!!

A good old fashion to Address the meal of The worm,
drink that harsh Tequila Sun,
its horizon for the am^uh^sawn??,
oop's owe flip^pen punt to style Castles sand and Cheers to shoe,
that hoarse.syn for those hours queer at that East measure fork and Beer.



Fish and pea to whats a Pole,
the flag or pulling for the gave,
what is an inkwell quill to writ for I had value instant lipped.

No silly bloody barter boot like Movies playing Independence sooth,
that Morse code touch finally??,
don't bother as the rich do cow,
milk Keen grace to feather Wow,
make that tangle Combs of Awl as that binder fed to Crib a stitch to stead the bold and could??

Stripes and stirrups,
suits and bond,
fetch to prison Australian Style,
laugh with hoe^gun make a fool,
than to task be bell in soot,
eh Hun^dread & Won Doll^may^shins says whats E!^Rect did as its Bed??

A sliver of park at the far east end of Golden Gate Park, the Panhandle, lies north of Haight-Ashbury, and it was the site of the Human Be-In of 1967, preceding the Summer of Love.


"A sliver of park at the far east end of Golden Gate Park, the Panhandle, lies north of Haight-Ashbury, and it was the site of the Human Be-In of 1967, preceding the Summer of Love."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Gate_Park

Polo Fields

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Image result for entrance to the golden gate park 1871
Polo Field
LocationSan Francisco, California
Coordinates37°46′06″N 122°29′34″W / 37.768374°N 122.492859°W / 37.768374; -122.492859Coordinates: 37°46′06″N 122°29′34″W / 37.768374°N 122.492859°W / 37.768374; -122.492859
OwnerSan Francisco Recreation & Parks Department
Surfacenatural grass
Opened1906
Tenants
San Francisco Soccer Football League
The Polo Fields is a large multi-purpose stadium and sporting field in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park.[1] Despite its name, polo is rarely played on the Polo Fields. The facility has a multitude of uses.[2] There are six regulation soccer fields surrounded by a .67-mile cycle track.[3] Wooden bleachers overlook the field and track.[4] Above the bleachers is a 0.75-mile (1,210 m) dirt track used for running and horse riding.[5]


History[edit]

The Polo Fields has been the site of diverse events over the years.[6] The Polo Fields was originally called the Golden Gate Park Stadium and opened in 1906 as a velodrome.[7] Cyclists from all over the West Coast have used the track for over a century.[8] In 1967, the Human Be-In counterculture music concert was held on the Polo Fields.[9] The Polo Fields was also the home field for San Francisco-based rugby clubs in the Northern California Rugby Football Union from the 1960s through the early 1990s. It was the site of the Golden Gate Rugby Tournament, held in April, during this time.

Tenants[edit]

Cycling, soccer and cross country running events are frequently held on the Polo Fields all year long. The annual Outside Lands Music and Arts Festival is held on the Polo Fields each August.[10] The annual Bay to Breakers footrace also holds its post-race event, Footstock, at the Polo Fields each May.[11]
Golden gate park stadium.jpg

Cycling Track[edit]

The historic cycling track at the Polo Fields is a 1 kilometer long paved track which is used by cyclists for training and events. The cycling track was a centerpoint of bicycle racing from the 1930s through the 1950s.[12]
The local group Friends of the Polo Field was recently formed to restore the cycling track to the original condition when it was created. Local informal race events such as the Polo Field Smack Down take place regularly during cycling season. The longest recorded continuous ride around the track was 279 laps (300 kilometers) on June 30, 2013.[13]


Based on that the literal 'tires on every single Officer' car is the be in the re-tire-meant of Rural Area to the old fashioned Sheriff and therefrom the Highway Patrol, as there are no 'city curbs' on the streets of the Highway' System in these United States. 

In that is the poe lease to example?? No, this rather black and white as should each department casual the see than the benefits per patron, per 'duty-too-Line' is in the actual fabric of the Threads fabric to the badge's placement on the sleeves arm??  Know that with every 'Tire Store' from the Midas to the patronage, the Name of state to the authority of such, Vega is a Star Constellation and the office is a season of The Suns.  Galaxy Phone to the IPhone 7 it is the comprehension that will bring SFPD to understand Chief Gregg Suhr as what is retirement but the duty and honor to be of skill that may continue-on the Highway Patrol, CHP, Sheriff, et cetera.  Be wise to land ownership as when I was a kid and went to the Richmond Station in the Richmond District of San Francisco, the city of my birth record at Childrens Hospital on California Street, this is evidence to simple facts, simple things and the complex is a measure of uniform at 'A' cuneiform' write to say that the Officer at the Golden Gate Park Mounted Police Stable is of greater importance than anyone person would perceive.  The entire Golden Gate Park was designed for only the police, whether mounted on horseback or driving a vehicle of modern convenience brought to be by modern-day courses of what is the trail but the rein of a bridle that has the understanding of both saddle and a girths role.

That is why as I have witnessed the Police Museum I have gone quick to pen and stow as these values are not giant nor are they bridge plays, it is the chill of the paper weight, as a the Horseshoe Courts in Golden Gate Park gave more to the Casting Pools than the Buffalo paddock gave to the Stables.  This is a steady hand that the Officer at the barn and the two Officers at 10th and Clement gave to I as the communication in the very second of this moment to state of California in a World waiting to pounce the clock to punch the ticket to write the final check and laugh at all of the tiers?? Actually this is just the natural write of I, Karen A. Placek in the thermal chills of why do city 'curbs define the blacktop from the concrete sidewalks and why is the stop-light not a stop-sign yet one is electrical reliant and the other is not timing however it requires the ability to know that mile-markers allow the driver to determine the distance between the bumpers of their car to the car in-front of them not behind them. Thereby the rearview mirror is of great importance as the headlights and high-beams are only known to those that are not afraid to say that each setting in a cars design is indeed by design and not a set-up to venture the journey a gas.  Now whats a blinker, an indicator or the ...........


https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=golden+gate+mounted+police&view=detailv2&&id=EF8EF6EB8D2F1C9E6E04214A8CD1DA0CB782DDB0

Tiburon Salmon Institute | Rex Foundation I would like to honor your memory today, September 17th, 2016. Thank you for all that you have done for the Earth. Now the following information for all those that are unfamiliar with this wonderful calendar of events and the wonder of the 'Chinook salmon'!!!!! This project has been run by the San Francisco Tyee Club for over 30 years, releasing over a million salmon into our San Francisco Bay. San Francisco Tyee Club nonprofit in San Francisco, California Closed After Many Years. It was granted tax-exempt status by IRS in June, 1953. For the tax period of Dec, 2013, San Francisco Tyee Club reported an asset of $42,216 and revenue of $8,295.



The word Tyee comes from the coastal Indian language and means “The Chief” or “Great Leader.” The term is used to describe Chinook or Springsalmon that weigh 30 lbs. or more. Campbell River is known as the salmon and Tyee capital of the world and it is here that the Tyee Club was born to celebrate BC salmon fishing.

Chinook salmon http://www.rexfoundation.org/grantees/tiburon-salmon-institute/

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chinook salmon
Chinook Salmon Adult Male.jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Actinopterygii
Order:Salmoniformes
Family:Salmonidae
Genus:Oncorhynchus
Species:O. tshawytscha
Binomial name
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
(Walbaum, 1792)
The Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is the largest species in the Pacific salmon genus Oncorhynchus. The common name refers to the Chinookan peoples. Other vernacular names for the species include king salmonQuinnat salmonspring salmon, andTyee salmon. The scientific species name is based on the Russian common name chavycha (чавыча).
Chinook are anadromous fish native to the North Pacific Ocean and the river systems of western North America, ranging from California to Alaska, as well as Asian rivers ranging from northern Japan to the Palyavaam River in the Arctic north-east Siberia. They have been introduced to other parts of the world, including New Zealand, the Great Lakes of North America and Patagonia. A large Chinook is a prized and sought-after catch for a sporting angler. The flesh of the salmon is also highly valued for its dietary nutritional content, which includes high levels of important omega-3 fatty acids. Some populations are endangered, however many are healthy. The Chinook salmon has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List. According to NOAA the Chinook salmon population along the California coast is declining, due to factors like overfishing, loss of freshwater and estuarine habitat, hydropower development, poor ocean conditions, and hatchery practices. [1]

Distribution[edit]

Natural range[edit]

Historically, the native distribution of Chinook salmon in North America ranged from the Ventura River in California in the south to Kotzebue Sound in Alaska in the north. Populations have disappeared from large areas where they once flourished, however,[2] shrinking by as much as 40 percent.[3] In some regions, their inland range has been cut off, mainly by dams and habitat alterations: from Southern California, some areas east of the Coast Ranges of California and Oregon, and large areas in the Snake River and upper Columbia River drainage basins.[4] In certain areas like California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, it was revealed that the extremely low populations of juvenile Chinook salmon (less than 1%) were surviving.[5]
In the western Pacific, the distribution ranges from northern Japan (Hokkaido) in the south to the Arctic Ocean as far as the East Siberian Sea and Palyavaam River in the north.[4] Nevertheless, they are consistently present and the distribution is well known only in Kamchatka. Elsewhere, information is scarce, but they have a patchy presence in the Anadyr River basin and parts of the Chukchi Peninsula. Also in parts of the northern Magadan Oblast near the Shelikhov Gulf and Penzhina Bay stocks might persist, but remain poorly studied.[4]

Introduced populations[edit]

In 1967, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources planted Chinook in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron to control the alewife, an invasive species of nuisance fish from the Atlantic Ocean. Alewives then constituted 90% of the biota in these lakes. Coho salmon had been planted the year before and the program was a success. Chinook and Coho salmon thrived on the alewives and spawned in the lakes' tributaries. After this success, Chinook were planted in the other Great Lakes,[6] where sport fishermen prize them for their aggressive behavior on the hook.
The species has also established itself in Patagonian waters in South America, where both introduced and escaped hatchery fish have colonized rivers and established stable spawning runs.[7] Chinook salmon have been found spawning in headwater reaches of the Rio Santa Cruz, apparently having migrated over 1,000 km (620 mi) from the ocean. The population is thought to be derived from a single stocking of juveniles in the lower river around 1930.[8]
Sporadic efforts to introduce the fish to New Zealand waters in the late 1800s were largely failures and led to no evident establishments. Early ova were imported from the Baird hatchery of the McCloud River in California.[9] Further efforts in the early 1900s were more successful and subsequently led to the establishment of spawning runs in the rivers of Cantebury and North Otago; Rangitata River, the Opihi River, the Ashburton River, the Rakaia River, the Waimakariri River, the Hurunui River, and the Waiau River.[10] The success of the latter introductions is thought to be partly attributable to the use of ova from autumn-run populations as opposed to ova from spring-run populations used in the first attempts.[9] Whilst other salmon have also been introduced into New Zealand, only Chinook (or Quinnat as it is known locally in NZ) salmon have established sizeable pelagic runs.

Description[edit]

The Chinook is blue-green, red, or purple on the back and top of the head, with silvery sides and white ventral surfaces. It has black spots on its tail and the upper half of its body. Chinook have a Black gum line which is present in both salt and freshwater.[11] Adult fish range in size from 24 to 36 in (61 to 91 cm), but may be up to 58 in (150 cm) in length; they average 10 to 50 lb (4.5 to 22.7 kg), but may reach 130 lb (59 kg). The current sport-caught world record, 97.25 lb (44.11 kg), was caught on May 17, 1985, in the Kenai River (Kenai Peninsula, Alaska). The commercial catch world record is 126 lb (57 kg) caught near Rivers InletBritish Columbia, in the late 1970s.[12]

Lifecycle[edit]

A male Chinook in its spawning phase
See also: Salmon run
Chinook may spend one to eight years in the ocean (averaging from three to four years)[13] before returning to their home rivers to spawn. The salmon also undergo radical morphological changes as they prepare for the spawning event ahead. All salmon lose the silvery blue they had as ocean fish, and their colour darkens, sometimes with a radical change in hue. Salmon are sexually dimorphic, and the male salmon develop canine-like teeth and their jaws develop a pronounced curve or hook, called a "kype".[14] Studies have shown that larger and more dominant male salmon have a reproductive advantage as female Chinook are often more aggressive toward smaller males.[15]
Chinook spawn in larger and deeper waters than other salmon species and can be found on the spawning redds (nests) from September to December. The female salmon may lay her eggs in four to five nesting pockets within a redd. After laying eggs, females guard the redd from four to 25 days before dying, while males seek additional mates. It has been observed[by whom?] that females are typically 98% successful at guarding their redds[citation needed]. Chinook eggs hatch, 90 to 150 days after deposition, depending upon water temperature. Egg deposits are timed to ensure the young salmon fry emerge during an appropriate season for survival and growth. Fry and parr (young fish) usually stay infresh water 12 to 18 months before traveling downstream to estuaries, where they remain as smolts for several months. Some Chinooks return to the fresh water one or two years earlier than their counterparts, and are referred to as "jack" salmon. "Jack" salmon are typically less than 24 inches (61 cm) long, but are sexually mature and return at an earlier age.
Chinook salmon (male)
Ocean-phase
Freshwater-phase (note the more curved jaws and change in colour)
The Yukon River has the longest freshwater migration route of any salmon, over 3,000 km (1,900 mi) from its mouth in the Bering Sea to spawning grounds upstream of Whitehorse, Yukon. Since Chinook rely on fat reserves for energy upon entering fresh water, commercial fish caught here are highly prized for their unusually high levels of heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids. However, the high cost of harvest and transport from this exceptionally rural area limits its affordability. The highest in elevation Chinook migrate to spawn is in the Upper Salmon River and Middle Fork of the Salmon River in Idaho. These anadromous fish travel over 7,000 feet (2,100 m) in elevation, and over 900 miles (1,400 km), in their migration through eight dams and reservoirs on the Columbia and Lower Snake Rivers[citation needed].
Chinook eat insectsamphipods, and other crustaceans while young, and primarily other fish when older. Young salmon feed in streambeds for a short period until they are strong enough to journey out into the ocean and acquire more food. Chinook juveniles divide into two types: ocean-type and stream-type. Ocean-type chinook migrate to salt water in their first year. Stream-type salmon spend one full year in fresh water before migrating to the ocean. After a few years in the ocean, adult salmon, then large enough to escape most predators, return to their original streambeds to mate. Chinook can have extended lifespans, where some fish spend one to five years in the ocean, reaching age eight. More northerly populations tend to have longer lives.
School of Chinook
Salmon, for spawning, need adequate spawning habitat. Clean, cool, oxygenated, sediment-free fresh water is essential for egg development. Chinook use larger sediment (gravel) sizes for spawning than other Pacific salmon. Riparian vegetation and woody debris help juvenile salmon by providing cover and maintaining low water temperatures.
Chinook also need healthy ocean habitats. Juvenile salmon grow in clean, productive estuarine environments and gain the energy for migration. Later, they change physiologically to live in salt water. They rely on eelgrass and seaweeds for camouflage (protection from predators), shelter, and foraging habitat as they make their way to the open ocean. Adult fish need a rich, open ocean habitat to acquire the strength needed to travel back upstream, escape predators, and reproduce before dying. In his book King of Fish, David Montgomery writes, "The reserves of fish at sea are important to restocking rivers disturbed by natural catastrophes." Thus, it is vitally important for the fish to be able to reach the oceans (without man-made obstructions such as dams), so they can grow into healthy adult fish to sustain the species.
The bodies of water for salmon habitat must be clean and oxygenated. One sign of high productivity and growth rate in the oceans is the level of algae. Increased algal levels lead to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the water, which transfers into living organisms, fostering underwater plants and small organisms, which salmon eat.[16] Algae can filter high levels of toxins and pollutants. Thus, it is essential for algae and other water-filtering agents to not be destroyed in the oceans because they contribute to the well-being of the food chain.
Salmon need other salmon to survive so they can reproduce and pass on their genes in the wild. With some populations endangered, precautions are necessary to preventoverfishing and habitat destruction, including appropriate management of hydroelectric and irrigation projects. If too few fish remain because of fishing and land management practices, salmon have more difficulty reproducing.
When one of these factors is compromised, affected stock can decline. One Seattle Times article states, "Pacific salmon have disappeared from 40 percent of their historic range outside Alaska," and concludes it is imperative for people to realize the needs of salmon and to try not to contribute to destructive practices that harm salmon runs.[3]
In the Pacific Northwest, the summer runs of especially large Chinook once common (before dams and overfishing led to declines) were known as June hogs.
A Chinook’s birthplace and later evolution can be tracked by looking at its otolith (ear) bone. The bone can record the chemical composition of the water the fish had lived in just like a tree’s growth rings provide hints on dry and wet years. The bone is built with the chemical signature of the environment that hosted the fish. Researchers were able to tell where different individuals of Chinook were born and lived in the first year of their lives. Testing was done by measuring the strontium in the bones. Strontium can accurately show researchers the exact location and time of a fish swimming in a river.[17]

Fishing industry[edit]

Wild capture[edit]

Global harvest in thousand tonnes as reported by the FAO, 1950–2010[18]
The total North Pacific fisheries harvest of the Chinook salmon in 2010 was some 1.4 million fish, corresponding to 7,000tonnes; 1.1 million of the fish were captured in the United States, others were divided by Canada and Russia. The share of Chinook salmon from the total commercial Pacific salmon harvest was less than 1% by weight, and only some 0.3% of the number of fish.[19] The trend has been down in the captures from the pre-1990 times, when the total harvest was around 25,000 tonnes. Global production has, however, remained at a stable level due to increased aquaculture.[18]
Wild capture as reported by theFAO for 2010 [18]
Wild capture in thousand tonnes as reported by the FAO, 1950–2010 [18]

Aquaculture[edit]

Aquaculture production as reported by the FAO for 2010 [18]
Aquaculture production in thousand tonnes as reported by the FAO, 1950–2010 [18]
The worlds' largest producer and market supplier of the Chinook salmon is New Zealand. Marketed as king salmon, in 2009, New Zealand exported 5,088 tonnes of salmon equating to a value of NZ$61 million in export earnings. For the year ended March 2011, this amount had increased to NZ$85 million.,[20][21] New Zealand accounts for about half of the global production of Chinook salmon, and about half of New Zealand's production is exported. Japan is New Zealand's largest export market, with stock also being supplied to other countries of the Pacific Rim, including Australia.[22]
Farming of the species in New Zealand began in the 1970s, when hatcheries were initially set up to enhance and support wild fish stocks with the first commercial operations initiating in 1976.[9] After some opposition against their establishment by societal groups, including anglers, the first sea cage farm was established in 1983 at Big Glory Bay in Stewart Island by British Petroleum NZ Ltd.[9][22] Today, the salmon are hatched in land-based hatcheries (several of which exist) and transferred to sea cages or freshwater farms, where they are grown out to harvestable size of 3–4 kilograms (6.6–8.8 lb). The broodstock for the farms is usually selected from existing farm stock or sometimes sourced from wild populations. Eggs and milt are stripped manually from sexually mature salmon and incubated under conditions (around 10–12 °C (50–54 °F)), replicating the streams and rivers where the salmon would spawn naturally. After hatching, the baby salmon are typically grown to smolt stage (around six-months of age) before they are transferred to the sea cages or ponds.[21] Most sea cage farming occurs in the Marlborough Sounds, Stewart Island, and Akaroa Harbour, while freshwater operations in CanterburyOtago, andTasman use ponds, raceways, and hydrocanals for growout operations.[20] Low stocking densities, ranging between less than 1 kg/m3 and around 25 kg/m3 (depending on the life stage of the salmon) and the absence of disease in the fish means New Zealand farmers do not need to use antibiotics or vaccines to maintain the health of their salmon stocks. The salmon are fed food pellets of fish meal specially formulated for Chinook salmon (typical proportions of the feed are: 45% protein, 22% fat, and 14% carbohydrate plus ash and water) and contain no steroids or other growth enhancers.[20][21]
Regulations and monitoring programmes ensure salmon are farmed in a sustainable manner. The planning and approval process for new salmon farms in New Zealand considers the farm’s potential environmental effects, its effects on fishing activities (if it is a marine farm), and any possible cultural and social effects. In the interest of fish welfare, a number of New Zealand salmon farming operations anaesthetise salmon before slaughter using Aqui-S™, an organically based anaesthetic developed in New Zealand that is safe for use in food and which has been favourably reported on by the British Humane Slaughter Association. In recognition of the sustainable, environmentally conscious practices, the New Zealand salmon farming industry has been acknowledged as the world's greenest by the Global Aquaculture Performance Index.[23]
Globally, Chile is the only country other than New Zealand currently producing significant quantities of farmed Chinook salmon.[18] The United States has not produced farmed Chinook in commercial quantities since 1994.[18] New Zealand will likely remain the major producer of the species as other countries' (predominantly NorwayCanada and theUnited Kingdom) salmon productions are focused typically on other species such as Atlantic and coho salmon.[citation needed]
Although the FAO reported no aquaculture production by Canada after 2004, as displayed in the graph above, reports by Statistics Canada contradict this, and show the production of aquaculture salmon, mostly from British Columbia, continued unabated to at least 2009.[24]

Management[edit]

Nine populations of Chinook salmon are listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act as either threatened or endangered.[25] The Snake River fall-run population is being considered for delisting.[26] Fisheries in the U.S. and Canada are limited by impacts to weak and endangered salmon runs. The fall and late-fall runs in the Central Valley population in California is a U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Species of Concern.
In April 2008, commercial fisheries in both Oregon and California were closed due to the extremely low population of Chinook salmon present. The low population is being blamed on the collapse of the Sacramento River run, one of the biggest south of the Columbia.[27] In April 2009 California again canceled the season.[28] The Pacific Fishery Management Council’s goal for the Sacramento River run is an escapement total (fish that return to freshwater spawn areas and hatcheries) of 122,000–180,000 fish. The 2007 escapement was estimated at 88,000, and the 2008 estimate was 66,000 fish.[29] Scientists from universities and federal, state, and tribal agencies concluded the 2004 and 2005 broods were harmed by poor ocean conditions in 2005 and 2006, in addition to “a long-term, steady degradation of the freshwater and estuarine environment.” Such conditions included weak upwelling, warm sea surface temperatures, and low densities of food.[29]
In Oregon, the 2010 spring Chinook run was forecasted to increase by up to 150% over 2009 populations, growing from 200,000 to over 500,000, making this the largest run in recorded history. Lower temperatures in 2008 North Pacific waters brought in fatter plankton, which, along with greater outflows of Columbia River water, fed the resurgent populations. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife estimated 80% of them were hatchery-born. Chinook runs in other habitats have not recovered proportionately.[30]
In April 2016 Coleman National Fish Hatchery outside of Red Bluff released 12 million baby Chinook salmon, with many salmon being tagged in order to be monitored. The release was done in hopes to help restore the salmon population of Battle Creek.[31][32]

Cultural aspects[edit]

Native American men with large salmon
The Chinook salmon is spiritually and culturally prized among certain Native American tribes. Many celebrate the first spring Chinook caught each year with "first-salmon ceremonies". While salmon fishing is still important economically for many tribal communities, the Chinook harvest is typically the most valuable.
Chinook salmon were described and enthusiastically eaten by the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Lewis wrote that, when fresh, they tasted better than any other fish he had ever eaten. They did not particularly like dried or "pounded" salmon.[33] Lewis and Clark knew about Pacific salmon, but had never seen one. The Western world had known about Pacific salmon since the late 18th century. Maritime fur traders and explorers, such asGeorge Vancouver, frequently acquired salmon by trade with the indigenous people of the Northwest coast.[34] Lewis and Clark first encountered Chinook salmon as a gift from Chief Cameahwait, on August 13, 1805, near Lemhi Pass. Tasting it convinced Lewis they had crossed the continental divide.[35]
Known as the "king salmon" in Alaska for its large size and flavorful flesh, the Chinook is the state fish of Oregon[36] and Alaska (king salmon).[37]