BBC ~ Science And Environment ~ The State Of Alaska Is The Only One In The United States of America That Does Not Have An Income Or Sales Tax

Alaska mulls extra oil drilling to cope with climate change

By Matt McGrathEnvironment correspondent, BBC News, Alaska

Governor Bill Walker says Alaska needs to drill in order to meet rising climate change costs

Expanding the search for oil is necessary to pay for the damage caused by climate change, the Governor of Alaska has told the BBC.

The state is suffering significant climate impacts from rising seas forcing the relocation of remote villages.

Governor Bill Walker says that coping with these changes is hugely expensive.

He wants to "urgently" drill in the protected lands of the Arctic National Wilderness Refuge to fund them.

Alaska has been severely hit by the dramatic drop in the price of oil over the past two years.

We are in a significant fiscal challenge. We have villages that are washing away because of changes in the climate

Bill Walker, Governor of Alaska

The state is the only one in the US that doesn't have an income or sales tax, getting 90% of its day-to-day expenditure from levies on the production of oil and gas.

But the halving in the price of crude over the past year has seen Alaska's financial health deteriorate.

The recent decision by Shell to pull out of drillingin the Chukchi sea off the state's north coast has compounded the problem.

If Shell had found oil, it would have been a major boost for the the huge Trans Alaskan Pipeline that transports oil from the northern production fields to the tanker terminal in Valdez some 1,300km to the south.

Built to carry 2 million barrels a day, it's running at about 25% of its capacity as existing oil field production declines.

While Alaska's income from the oil continues to fall, expenditure on climate related activities is likely to go up. Coastal erosion is threatening a number of native communities in remote areas such as Kivalina.

Image copyrightBBC/Digital Globe

This isolated community of 400 sits on a narrow spit of land that is constantly under threat from the sea, despite huge expenditure on defences. Just last week a surging sea removed a 3m stretch of beach near the airport.

Evacuation seems like the long term solution but it will likely cost $100m.

'Absolute urgency'

To deal with situations like this, the governor told the BBC, more oil was needed.

"We are in a significant fiscal challenge. We have villages that are washing away because of changes in the climate," Governor Walker said.

"I don't see anyone putting together contribution funds to help move Kivalina; that is our obligation, we stand by that - we need to figure out how to do that. But those are very expensive - we have about 12 villages in that situation.

I'd like to see us agreeing, Alaskans agreeing, that we need to keep fossil fuels in the ground

Princess Daazhraii Johnson, Gwich'in community

I asked him if extra drilling was needed to help pay for these impacts.

"Absolutely, in a responsible way as we have in the past."

The governor argues that a small part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge should be drilled to boost Alaska's revenues.

"This isn't something we can put off for 10-20 years... We have to begin this process now - it's an absolute urgency for Alaska."

BBC correspondent Matt McGrath says a new climate deal could threaten Alaska's plans to boost on-shore drilling

Earlier this year President Obama moved to increase protection for the Refuge, but his attempts have stalled in Congress.

Environmentalists are resolutely opposed to the idea of drilling in this part of the state. They say that the Governor's idea about drilling to pay for climate change is a "simplistic solution".

"What's going on in villages is certainly of concern to me as an Alaskan but I think the governor knows there's never going to be enough money to move everybody that needs to be moved as climate change continues to advance," said Lois Epstein from the Wilderness Society, which campaigns to protect publicly owned lands.

"It's really not going to be something that the state is going to take on its own. The federal government is going to help, but we really need some bigger strategies to deal with climate change both as a state and a nation."

Image captionAs well as great natural beauty, Alaska has huge resources of oil, gas and coal

The battle to exploit oil reserves in the Refuge is likely to intensify over the coming years, much to the dismay of many native people in the area. One big concern are the Porcupine Caribou, whose calving areas are in the region the governor wants to develop.

The Gwich'in people in the region depend on these animals for food, clothing and as an integral part of their culture. They are resolutely opposed to drilling in this place, regardless of what the money is used for.

"In ten years from now I'd like to see us still continuing our native ways and being able to live off the land," said Princess Daazhraii Johnson from the Gwich'in community.

"I'd like to see us agreeing, Alaskans agreeing, that we need to keep fossil fuels in the ground."

courtesy of : http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-34501867

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Gee and haw

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gee and haw are voice commands used to tell a draft animal to turn right or left, or to direct sled dogs pulling a sled or sleigh.^[1][2] Gee (pronounced "jee") means to turn to the off side (away from the driver). Haw means to turn to the near side (towards the driver).

In the United States, the driver of draft animals sits on their left, so animals will turn right to the gee command, and left to the haw command. In England the driver stands to the right of the animals, reversing the relative directions they indicate (i.e., an English trained team of horses will "haw" to the right, while an American trained team will "haw" to the left — in both cases towards their driver.) As James Lloyd Clark points out, "Generally, work horses are not subject to a lot of international travel so the fear of great confusion on the farm is minimal."^[3]

The American meanings are used for dog sledding in Alaska and Canada.

In popular culture[edit]

Now you turn to the left when I say gee,The song Pony Time, recorded in 1961 by Chubby Checker and a number one hit that year, includes the lyrics

You turn to the right when I say haw,
Now gee, ya ya little baby,
Now haw, ya oh baby, oh baby, pretty baby,
Do it baby, oh baby, oh baby,

Boogety, boogety, boogety, boogety shoo.

See also[edit]

• Working animal
• Pack animal
• Draft horse
  • Driving (horse)
  • Horse-drawn vehicle
• Carting

References[edit]

1. Jump up^ 'GEE' AND 'HAW'
2. Jump up^ Test driving a dog sled: hang on and enjoy
3. Jump up^ Pilgrim Jim's Treasure Field: To Haw and Gee

Categories: 

• Horse driving
• History of agriculture
• Dog sledding
• Human–animal interaction
• Dog training and behavior
• Horse training

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October 8, 2015 7.15 pm

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Written on October 8,2015

A Muse A Call By Per Mission

Brady Riding Program uses horses to better youths' lives
by Ed Moy

On Saturday mornings at Bercut Field in Golden Gate Park, participants in the James S. Brady Therapeutic Riding Program for children with special needs gather to receive riding lessons, while learning and developing friendships with the horses, group leaders and other riders.

Under the direction of certified personnel insured by the Equine Associated Growth and Learning Association along with many volunteers, the James S. Brady Therapeutic Riding Program has helped more than 200 mentally or physically challenged children, according to Horses in California, Inc., a non-profit organization dedicated to uniting the city of San Francisco through horses and horse-related events.

The student riders participating in the program suffer from autism, cerebral palsy, muscle weakness, sight and hearing impairment, learning disabilities, or other social disorders. Each student participates in a specially designed program that is individually suited to his or her needs.

According to Executive Director Sarah Meakin, the program was founded in the '80s by her mother and father, Hugh and Melba Meakin. They had met with James S. Brady, the former press secretary for President Ronald Reagan, who in 1981 was shot in the head and later used horseback riding as a means of physical therapy during his recovery. The Meakin's were given the honor of naming the program after Brady.

Having grown up being a part of and working with the program, Sarah Meakin took over as executive director about eight years ago, having been groomed for the position since her early-teens when she got to meet and learn from numerous experts in the field of equine therapy.

"There's an old saying, 'Gifts make room with themselves,' said Meakin, who was born and raised in San Francisco. "That's what this program has been in my life - it's been a gift. It's made room for itself in my life and I've been incredibly thankful for it. I get to be a part of miracles every time I'm out there."

Designed to help disabled and disadvantaged youths in the Bay Area by offering horsemanship and horseback riding lessons as a physical or social therapy alternative, Meakin said the "Brady Program" has recently expanded to include developing a chapter for war veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as at-risk youth from various parts of the City.

"To be a part of something that crosses all lines with love and healing is just magic," Meakin said of the program's diversity. "Every demographic is represented in our program."

After a recent riding session with an autistic boy, Bennett, who'd been with the program for a couple years, Meakin recalled having a truly authentic heart-opening breakthrough moment.

"After his session this last Saturday, I gave him a hug, which we'd been working on, and I said to him 'I love you, Bennett.' Right off the bat, he came back with 'I love you, too, Sarah' and that right there was victory. It was a miracle," said Meakin, who points out that for many autistic children expressing such emotions and opening up to others can be a difficult process.

According to Helen Vydra Roy from the San Francisco National Charity League (SFNCL), who helps coordinate mother and daughter volunteers for the Brady Program, on any given Saturday SFNCL provides upwards of nine volunteers that fully participate in the program while helping to get the horses prepared for riding, acting as side walkers, leading the horses for children with special needs, as well as assisting and interacting with program leaders.

"It's been a great opportunity for my kids because they can get this first-hand experience of what it's like to work with children with special needs and to see how helpful the riding program is to those kids," said Vydra Roy, who along with her two daughters have been volunteering with the program for the past year.

The Brady Program has also received a certificate of recognition from the California Assembly and Award of Honor from the City and County of San Francisco.

As a non-profit organization, the Brady Program relies solely on donations to fund its activities. According to Meakin, the organization holds several fundraising events during the year, which are open to the general public.

For more information about the James S. Brady Therapeutic Riding Program, visit the website at www.horsesinca.com or call (415) 221-9438.

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ore that is the ground with the Feat of treasure rare,

every Human born!!

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Literal Poe Purree Of Rest^Or^Ration Hard Ware Store

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but in the Exchange of gathering Talk gain in the Confidence the treasure of groats,

for it is in every day words a balance of seas The part of the Oceans that fill with just keys.